Callier Center for Communication Disorders, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2019 Nov;146(5):3692. doi: 10.1121/1.5132553.
Rats make excellent models for the study of medical, biological, genetic, and behavioral phenomena given their adaptability, robustness, survivability, and intelligence. The rat's general anatomy and physiology of the auditory system is similar to that observed in humans, and this has led to their use for investigating the effect of noise overexposure on the mammalian auditory system. The current paper provides a review of the rat model for studying noise-induced hearing loss and highlights advancements that have been made using the rat, particularly as these pertain to noise dose and the hazardous effects of different experimental noise types. In addition to the traditional loss of auditory function following acoustic trauma, recent findings have indicated the rat as a useful model in observing alterations in neuronal processing within the central nervous system following noise injury. Furthermore, the rat provides a second animal model when investigating noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, as studies examining this in the rat model resemble the general patterns observed in mice. Together, these findings demonstrate the relevance of this animal model for furthering the authors' understanding of the effects of noise on structural, anatomical, physiological, and perceptual aspects of hearing.
鉴于大鼠具有适应性强、健壮、生存能力强和智力高等特点，它们是研究医学、生物学、遗传学和行为现象的理想模型。大鼠的一般解剖结构和听觉系统的生理学与人类观察到的情况相似，这使得它们被用于研究噪声过度暴露对哺乳动物听觉系统的影响。本文综述了用于研究噪声性听力损失的大鼠模型，并强调了使用大鼠取得的进展，特别是在噪声剂量和不同实验噪声类型的有害影响方面。除了传统的声创伤后听觉功能丧失之外，最近的研究结果表明，大鼠是观察噪声损伤后中枢神经系统内神经元处理变化的有用模型。此外，大鼠在研究噪声诱导的耳蜗突触病时提供了第二种动物模型，因为在大鼠模型中研究这种疾病与在小鼠中观察到的一般模式相似。这些发现共同表明，这种动物模型对于深入了解噪声对听力的结构、解剖、生理和感知方面的影响具有重要意义。
