Day R, Bradberry S M, Sandilands E A, Thomas Shl, Thompson J P, Vale J A
National Poisons Information Service (Birmingham Unit), City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
National Poisons Information Service (Edinburgh Unit), Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2020 Apr;39(4):433-439. doi: 10.1177/0960327119891767. Epub 2019 Dec 4.
Detergents used in automatic dishwashing machines are of two main types: traditional tablets that require removal from an external wrapper and newer soluble film tablets.
To determine the toxicity of automatic dishwashing tablets.
Telephone enquiries to the UK National Poisons Information Service were analysed for the period January 2008 to June 2019.
: Ingestion was involved in 798 traditional tablet exposures and 725 soluble film exposures. Clinical features (Poisoning Severity Score ≥ 1) developed in 22.2% of patients ingesting traditional tablets and in 28.8% ingesting soluble film tablets; moderate or severe toxicity was rare (<0.5% for both traditional and soluble film tablets). Children (≤5 years) significantly ( < 0.0001) more often developed features following ingestion of soluble film ( = 193, 28.2%) than traditional tablets ( = 134, 19.1%). In contrast, adults more often developed features following ingestion of traditional than soluble film tablets, although this difference was not statistically significant. : The eye was involved in only 26 of 1539 exposures; 17 of 26 exposures resulted in ocular features. The most commonly reported features were conjunctivitis, eye pain and blurred vision, although one patient sustained a corneal abrasion and developed loss of vision. : Thirty-four of 1539 exposures involved the skin but only 3 developed dermal features which were minor.
Children (≤5 years) significantly more often developed features following ingestion of soluble film than traditional tablets, although the likelihood of a child developing features was relatively low (<30%) and features that did develop were almost always mild. In contrast, adults more often developed features following the ingestion of traditional than soluble film tablets. Overall, the eye was involved in only 1.7% of exposures and only one patient sustained a corneal abrasion.
自动洗碗机使用的洗涤剂主要有两种类型：需要从外部包装中取出的传统片剂和新型可溶薄膜片剂。
确定自动洗碗机片剂的毒性。
分析了2008年1月至2019年6月期间向英国国家毒物信息服务中心的电话咨询情况。
798例传统片剂暴露和725例可溶薄膜暴露涉及摄入情况。摄入传统片剂的患者中有22.2%出现临床特征（中毒严重程度评分≥1），摄入可溶薄膜片剂的患者中有28.8%出现临床特征；中度或重度毒性罕见（传统片剂和可溶薄膜片剂均<0.5%）。儿童（≤5岁）摄入可溶薄膜片剂后出现特征的频率（n = 193，28.2%）显著高于摄入传统片剂（n = 134，19.1%）（<0.0001）。相比之下，成年人摄入传统片剂后出现特征的频率高于摄入可溶薄膜片剂，尽管这种差异无统计学意义。在1539例暴露中，仅有26例涉及眼睛；26例暴露中有17例导致眼部特征。最常报告的特征是结膜炎、眼痛和视力模糊，尽管有1例患者发生角膜擦伤并出现视力丧失。1539例暴露中有34例涉及皮肤，但只有3例出现轻微的皮肤特征。
儿童（≤5岁）摄入可溶薄膜片剂后出现特征的频率显著高于摄入传统片剂，尽管儿童出现特征的可能性相对较低（<30%），且出现的特征几乎总是轻微的。相比之下，成年人摄入传统片剂后出现特征的频率高于摄入可溶薄膜片剂。总体而言，仅1.7%的暴露涉及眼睛，仅有1例患者发生角膜擦伤。
