NPIS (Birmingham Unit), City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
NPIS (Edinburgh Unit), Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019 Dec;57(12):1146-1153. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2019.1590586. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
Liquid laundry detergent capsules contain concentrated liquid laundry detergent in a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol membrane. To review 4652 exposures reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) and to assess the impact of regulatory changes on potential toxicity. Telephone enquiries to the NPIS and returned questionnaires for these products were analyzed for the period January 2008 to December 2018. Data on 4652 exposures were reported by telephone or questionnaire, of which 95.4% involved children aged ≤5 years. Overall, 1738 of 4594 patients remained asymptomatic (Poisoning Severity Score [PSS] 0), 2729 developed minor (PSS 1) features, 107 suffered moderate features (PSS 2), 19 were graded as severe (PSS 3) and one died. Ingestion was involved in most exposures ( = 4175): vomiting occurred in 46.5%, coughing occurred in 4.3% and central nervous system depression in 3.2%. Nine (0.2%) children were intubated and ventilated. The eye was exposed in 646 cases: 371 (59.8%) suffered conjunctivitis or eye irritation and 21 (3.4%) had keratitis/corneal damage, which persisted in one patient for 9 d. The skin was involved in 364 cases; in 127 (35.5%) minor dermal features developed including erythema, irritation and rash. The most commonly reported features in the 127 cases with PSS ≥2 were vomiting ( = 75), stridor ( = 34), CNS depression ( = 22), keratitis/corneal damage ( = 21), coughing ( = 18), conjunctivitis ( = 13), hypersalivation ( = 12), foaming from the mouth ( = 11) and hypoxemia ( = 11). However, respiratory features (stridor, hypoxemia, bronchospasm, respiratory distress, dyspnea, pulmonary aspiration and tachypnea) were the reason for grading 56 of 127 cases as PSS ≥2. This large data set of 4652 exposures is reassuring in that 97.2% of exposures resulted in no or only minor features, only 107 patients suffered moderate features (PSS 2) and 19 severe (PSS 3) features; one patient died.
液体制剂洗衣胶囊含有浓缩的液体制剂洗衣剂，装在水溶性聚乙烯醇膜中。为了回顾英国国家毒物信息服务局（NPIS）报告的 4652 例暴露情况，并评估监管变化对潜在毒性的影响。对 2008 年 1 月至 2018 年 12 月期间的 NPIS 电话咨询和这些产品的返回问卷进行了分析。通过电话或问卷报告了 4652 例暴露情况，其中 95.4%涉及年龄≤5 岁的儿童。总体而言，4594 例患者中有 1738 例无症状（中毒严重程度评分[PSS]0），2729 例出现轻微（PSS1）症状，107 例出现中度（PSS2）症状，19 例为严重（PSS3），1 例死亡。摄入是大多数暴露的原因（ = 4175）：呕吐发生在 46.5%，咳嗽发生在 4.3%，中枢神经系统抑制发生在 3.2%。有 9 例（0.2%）儿童需要插管和通气。眼部暴露 646 例：371 例（59.8%）患有结膜炎或眼部刺激，21 例（3.4%）患有角膜炎/角膜损伤，1 例患者角膜损伤持续 9 天。皮肤受累 364 例；127 例（35.5%）出现轻微皮肤症状，包括红斑、刺激和皮疹。在 127 例 PSS≥2 的病例中，最常报告的特征是呕吐（ = 75）、喘鸣（ = 34）、中枢神经系统抑制（ = 22）、角膜炎/角膜损伤（ = 21）、咳嗽（ = 18）、结膜炎（ = 13）、流涎（ = 12）、口吐白沫（ = 11）和低氧血症（ = 11）。然而，呼吸特征（喘鸣、低氧血症、支气管痉挛、呼吸困难、呼吸急促、吸入性肺炎和呼吸急促）是导致 127 例中有 56 例 PSS≥2 的原因。这个 4652 例暴露的大型数据集令人放心，因为 97.2%的暴露没有或只有轻微症状，只有 107 例患者出现中度症状（PSS2），19 例严重症状（PSS3）；一名患者死亡。
