NPIS (Birmingham Unit), City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2012 Sep;50(8):770-5. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2012.709936. Epub 2012 Jul 19.
To ascertain the reported toxicity of current United Kingdom (UK) household products following the launch of new products, such as liquid detergent capsules, and the manufacture of more concentrated formulations.
Between 1 March 2008 and 30 April 2009 the UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) collected prospectively 5939 telephone enquiries relating to household products, approximately 10% of all telephone enquiries received over this period.
The majority of enquiries (n = 3893; 65.5%) concerned children 5 years of age or less and were received predominantly from hospitals (n = 1905; 32.1%), general practitioners (n = 1768; 29.8%) and NHS Direct/NHS 24 (n = 1694; 28.5%). The majority of exposures occurred at home (n = 5795; 97.6%); most exposures were accidental (n = 5561; 93.6%). Liquid detergent capsules were most commonly involved (n = 647), followed by bleaches (n = 481), air fresheners (n = 429), multipurpose cleaners (n = 408), dishwasher products (n = 399) and descalers (n = 397). Exposure to household products occurred mainly as a result of ingestion (n = 4616; 75.8%), with eye contact (n = 513; 8.4%), inhalation (n = 420; 6.9%) and skin contact (n = 187; 3.1%) being less common; 5.1% (n = 313) of enquiries involved multiple routes of exposure. The most commonly reported features were vomiting (ingestion), pain (eye contact), dyspnoea (inhalation) and burns (skin contact). In 5840 of 5939 enquiries the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) was known. The majority of patients (n = 4117; 70.5%) were asymptomatic (PSS 0), 28.0% (n = 1638) developed minor features (PSS 1), 1.3% (75 patients) developed moderate features (PSS 2) and 0.15% (nine patients) developed serious features (PSS 3). Four of these nine patients made a complete recovery, two died from exposure to drain cleaner and PVC solvent cleaner; the outcome in three was unknown.
In the UK, advice from the NPIS is sought commonly regarding household products, but such exposures only rarely result in clinically serious features. As 65.5% of exposures were in children less than 5 years of age, parents clearly have an important role to play in ensuring that household products are stored safely at all times.
确定在推出新型产品（如液体洗涤剂胶囊）和制造更浓缩配方后，英国（英国）家用产品报告的毒性。
2008 年 3 月 1 日至 2009 年 4 月 30 日期间，英国国家毒物信息服务处（NPIS）前瞻性地收集了 5939 个与家用产品有关的电话查询，这大约是这期间收到的所有电话查询的 10%。
大多数查询（n=3893；65.5%）涉及 5 岁或以下的儿童，主要来自医院（n=1905；32.1%）、全科医生（n=1768；29.8%）和 NHS 直接/NHS 24（n=1694；28.5%）。大多数暴露发生在家里（n=5795；97.6%）；大多数暴露是意外的（n=5561；93.6%）。液体洗涤剂胶囊最常见（n=647），其次是漂白剂（n=481）、空气清新剂（n=429）、多用清洁剂（n=408）、洗碗机产品（n=399）和除垢剂（n=397）。家用产品的暴露主要是由于摄入（n=4616；75.8%），其次是眼睛接触（n=513；8.4%）、吸入（n=420；6.9%）和皮肤接触（n=187；3.1%）较少见；313 个查询（5.1%）涉及多种暴露途径。最常报告的特征是呕吐（摄入）、疼痛（眼睛接触）、呼吸困难（吸入）和灼伤（皮肤接触）。在 5939 个查询中，有 5840 个知道中毒严重程度评分（PSS）。大多数患者（n=4117；70.5%）无症状（PSS 0），28.0%（n=1638）出现轻微特征（PSS 1），1.3%（75 名患者）出现中度特征（PSS 2），0.15%（9 名患者）出现严重特征（PSS 3）。这 9 名患者中有 4 名完全康复，2 名死于接触排水管清洁剂和 PVC 溶剂清洁剂；3 人的结果未知。
在英国，NPIS 经常就家用产品提供咨询，但此类暴露很少导致严重的临床特征。由于 65.5%的暴露发生在 5 岁以下的儿童中，因此父母显然在确保家用产品始终安全存放方面发挥着重要作用。
