Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
J Diet Suppl. 2021;18(1):105-117. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1699223. Epub 2019 Dec 6.
Betaine is used to lower elevated plasma homocysteine levels, which are a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, some studies have shown that betaine may have a negative effect on blood lipids. Betaine supplementation is becoming more and more common, but the relationship between betaine supplementation and blood lipoprotein levels are unclear. The purpose of the study described here was thus to perform a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials on the effects of betaine supplementation at a daily dose of at least 4 g on blood lipids in adults. Six randomized controlled trials published between 2002 and 2018 were identified. All six studies used adult participants supplemented with at least 4 g/d of betaine for six to twenty-four weeks. A meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model, and the overall effect size was calculated for changes in plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG). The pooled estimate of the effects of betaine supplementation compared to placebo on TC was 0.34 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.02, 0.65), = 0.0352. No significant effect was observed for LDL, HDL, or TG. Supplementation with at least 4 g/d of betaine for a minimum of six weeks may moderately increase plasma TC, which might be important in the context of cardiovascular health.
甜菜碱用于降低升高的血浆同型半胱氨酸水平，同型半胱氨酸水平升高是心血管疾病（CVD）的一个风险因素。然而，一些研究表明，甜菜碱可能对血脂有负面影响。甜菜碱补充剂的使用越来越普遍，但甜菜碱补充剂与血脂蛋白水平之间的关系尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在对至少每天 4 克的甜菜碱补充剂对成年人血脂的影响进行随机安慰剂对照试验的荟萃分析。确定了 2002 年至 2018 年期间发表的六项随机对照试验。所有六项研究均使用至少每天补充 4 克甜菜碱的成年参与者，补充时间为六至二十四周。使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，并计算血浆总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和甘油三酯（TG）变化的总体效应大小。与安慰剂相比，甜菜碱补充剂对 TC 的影响的汇总估计值为 0.34mmol/L（95%CI：0.02，0.65），=0.0352。LDL、HDL 或 TG 无显著影响。至少每天补充 4 克甜菜碱至少六周可能会适度增加血浆 TC，这在心血管健康方面可能很重要。
