College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
Ningxia Forestry Research Institute, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2019 Dec 16;15(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s13002-019-0333-0.
Ecological migration serves as an important measure for poverty eradication as well as for the protection, inheritance, and utilization of traditional ecological knowledge. This study investigated and cataloged the traditional forage plant resources and recorded the associated traditional knowledge of immigrant villages in Hongsibu District of Ningxia, China. The diversity of traditional forage plant resources and the changes in associated traditional ecological knowledge were compared among ecological immigrant villages from different emigration areas, with a hope of providing a reference for forage development, the conservation of wild forage plant resources, and the development of regional animal husbandry.
From March 2018 to May 2019, a field investigation was conducted in six villages in Ningxia. Through the snowball technique, a total of 315 immigrants were interviewed using various methods, including semistructured interviews and key person interviews, which included opportunities for free listing. The changes in the utilization of traditional forage plants were compared between the ecological migrants and the original inhabitants, and the causes underlying the changes were analyzed. In addition, the major forage plant species in the research area were investigated and evaluated.
(1) The six investigated villages reported 224 traditional forage plant species that belong to 42 families and 150 genera. Compared with their original living areas, the number of traditional forage plant species used in the immigrant villages decreased with the increase in the relocation distance. (2) The utilization of traditional forage plants varied among the immigrants who moved to Hongsibu District from forest areas, loess hilly areas, and semiarid desertified areas. The smaller the difference was in ecological environment between the immigration and emigration areas, the more the traditional forage plant knowledge had been retained. (3) The diversity and associated knowledge of traditional forage plants retained by ecological migrants are closely correlated to gender, age, education level, and occupation.
This study revealed that the diversity of traditional forage plants and associated knowledge retained after migration vary among ecological immigrants from different areas; generally, the immigrants that relocated from a closer place retained more ecological knowledge. In the immigrant villages with significantly different natural resources and a long distance from the migrants' original locations, the diversity of traditional forage plants decreased, and the traditional knowledge about forage plants showed signs of being forgotten and abandoned by the younger generation. Therefore, measures are urgently needed to document and protect the forage plant resources and preserve the traditional knowledge of ecological immigrants.
生态移民是脱贫和保护、传承、利用传统生态知识的重要措施。本研究调查和编目了中国宁夏红寺堡区移民村的传统饲料植物资源，并记录了相关传统知识。比较了来自不同移民地区的生态移民村的传统饲料植物资源多样性和相关传统生态知识的变化，以期为饲料开发、野生饲料植物资源保护和区域畜牧业发展提供参考。
2018 年 3 月至 2019 年 5 月，在宁夏 6 个村庄进行了实地调查。通过雪球技术，共采访了 315 名移民，采用半结构式访谈和重点人物访谈等多种方法，包括自由列表机会。比较了生态移民与原居民对传统饲料植物的利用变化，并分析了变化的原因。此外，还对研究区主要饲料植物进行了调查和评价。
（1）调查的 6 个村庄报告了 224 种传统饲料植物，属于 42 科 150 属。与原居住地相比，移民村使用的传统饲料植物种类随搬迁距离的增加而减少。（2）来自森林区、黄土丘陵区和半干旱沙漠化区的红寺堡区移民对传统饲料植物的利用存在差异。移民区和移民区生态环境差异越小，传统饲料植物知识保留越多。（3）生态移民保留的传统饲料植物多样性及其相关知识与性别、年龄、受教育程度和职业密切相关。
本研究表明，来自不同地区的生态移民在迁移后保留的传统饲料植物多样性和相关知识存在差异；一般来说，从较近的地方移民的人保留了更多的生态知识。在与移民原住地自然条件差异较大、距离较远的移民村，传统饲料植物多样性减少，年轻一代对饲料植物的传统知识出现遗忘和放弃的迹象。因此，急需采取措施记录和保护饲料植物资源，保护生态移民的传统知识。
