Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
Plant J. 2020 Feb;101(4):845-857. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14656. Epub 2020 Jan 23.
After entering the leaf, CO faces an intricate pathway to the site of photosynthetic fixation embedded within the chloroplasts. The efficiency of CO flux is hindered by a number of structural and biochemical barriers which, together, define the ease of flow of the gas within the leaf, termed mesophyll conductance. Previous authors have identified the key elements of this pathway, raising the prospect of engineering the system to improve CO flux and, thus, to increase leaf photosynthetic efficiency. In this review, we provide a perspective on the potential for improving the individual elements that contribute to this complex parameter. We lay particular emphasis on generation of the cellular architecture of the leaf which sets the initial boundaries of a number of mesophyll conductance parameters, incorporating an overview of the molecular transport processes which have been proposed as major facilitators of CO flux across structural boundaries along the pathway. The review highlights the research areas where future effort might be invested to increase our fundamental understanding of mesophyll conductance and leaf function and, consequently, to enable translation of these findings to improve the efficiency of crop photosynthesis.
进入叶片后，CO 面临着一条错综复杂的途径，才能到达叶绿体中进行光合作用固定的位置。CO 流的效率受到许多结构和生化障碍的阻碍，这些障碍共同决定了气体在叶片内流动的难易程度，这一参数被称为叶肉导度。先前的作者已经确定了该途径的关键要素，这使得对该系统进行工程改造以提高 CO 通量并提高叶片光合作用效率成为可能。在这篇综述中，我们提供了一种从个体要素角度来提高这一复杂参数的观点。我们特别强调了叶片细胞结构的产生，这为许多叶肉导度参数设定了初始边界，其中包括对分子运输过程的概述，这些过程被认为是 CO 沿途径穿过结构边界进行通量运输的主要促进因素。该综述强调了未来可能需要投入研究的领域，以增加我们对叶肉导度和叶片功能的基本理解，从而能够将这些发现转化为提高作物光合作用效率的方法。
