Luo Ran-Ran, Dai Hai-Xia, Zhang Yun-Hui, Qiao Li-Ping, Ma Ying-Ge, Zhou Min, Xia Bin, Zhu Qing-Yang, Zhao Ying-Ya, Huang Cheng
Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2019 Dec 8;40(12):5224-5233. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201905043.
To investigate exposure characteristics and potential health risk of PM-bound heavy metals in housewives in rural areas, 265 personal exposure samples from 143 subjects were collected in the Songjiang district, Shanghai from February 2017 to June 2018. Mass concentrations of 13 elements in PM were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF). The sources of heavy metal components in PM were analyzed using positive matrix factorization (PMF). The inhalation health risks of exposure to Ni, V, Cr, Mn, As, and Pb were analyzed using the US EPA health risk assessment model. The results showed that the average concentration of personal exposure to PM was 40.61 μg·m in housewives, which was higher than the concentration at peripheral monitoring stations. The carcinogenic risks of Cr(Ⅵ)and As exceeded the acceptable risk level (10). The non-carcinogenic risks of V, Cr(Ⅵ), Mn, Ni, and As were all below the safety threshold, while the total non-carcinogenic risks of these five elements were higher than the safety threshold (>1). The results of PMF indicated that resuspended dust and indoor dust(43.8%), the metallurgy industry(34.6%), coal combustion(14.5%), and fossil-fuel combustion(7.2%)were the major sources of ten elements (Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb) in PM. Based on the results of health risk assessment of pollution sources, control measures on the metallurgy industry and fossil-fuel combustion should be further strengthened.
为调查农村家庭主妇中与可吸入颗粒物（PM）结合的重金属的暴露特征及潜在健康风险，于2017年2月至2018年6月在上海松江区收集了143名受试者的265份个人暴露样本。采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法（ED-XRF）测定了PM中13种元素的质量浓度。利用正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）分析了PM中重金属成分的来源。采用美国环境保护局（US EPA）健康风险评估模型分析了镍、钒、铬、锰、砷和铅暴露的吸入健康风险。结果表明，家庭主妇个人暴露于PM的平均浓度为40.61μg·m ，高于周边监测站的浓度。铬（Ⅵ）和砷的致癌风险超过了可接受风险水平（10 ）。钒、铬（Ⅵ）、锰、镍和砷的非致癌风险均低于安全阈值，而这五种元素的总非致癌风险高于安全阈值（>1）。PMF结果表明，再悬浮粉尘和室内灰尘（43.8%）、冶金行业（34.6%）、煤炭燃烧（14.5%）和化石燃料燃烧（7.2%）是PM中十种元素（铝、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、镍、锌、砷和铅）的主要来源。基于污染源健康风险评估结果，应进一步加强对冶金行业和化石燃料燃烧的控制措施。
