Baharlooi Hussein, Azimi Maryam, Salehi Zahra, Izad Maryam
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Stem Cells. 2020 Mar 30;13(1):13-23. doi: 10.15283/ijsc19108.
With the development of novel treatments for autoimmune disorders, it has become a popular research focus which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to counteract with autoimmune diseases progression. One of the underlying mechanisms behind their activities is the release of extracellular vesicles especially exosomes. MSC-derived exosomes are hypoimmunogenic nanocarriers which contain numerous immunoregulatory factors and similar to other exosomes, are able to pass through boundaries like the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Accumulating evidence provided by animal studies has demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes, as a novel therapy, can re-induce self-tolerance, without subsequent complications reported for other treatments. Therefore, therapeutic applications of MSC-derived exosomes are contributing to core advances in the field of autoimmune diseases. Here, we briefly describe the biological characteristics of MSC-derived exosomes and review the experimentally verified outcomes for autoimmune disease therapy purposes.
随着自身免疫性疾病新型治疗方法的发展，间充质干细胞（MSCs）是否有能力对抗自身免疫性疾病进展已成为一个热门研究焦点。其作用背后的潜在机制之一是细胞外囊泡尤其是外泌体的释放。MSC来源的外泌体是低免疫原性的纳米载体，含有众多免疫调节因子，并且与其他外泌体类似，能够穿过血脑屏障（BBB）等边界。动物研究提供的越来越多的证据表明，MSC来源的外泌体作为一种新型疗法，可以重新诱导自身耐受性，且没有报道其他治疗方法会出现的后续并发症。因此，MSC来源的外泌体的治疗应用正在推动自身免疫性疾病领域的核心进展。在此，我们简要描述了MSC来源的外泌体的生物学特性，并综述了用于自身免疫性疾病治疗目的的经实验验证的结果。
