Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
INSERM U1029, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France; University Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2020 Oct;65:197-206. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.021. Epub 2019 Dec 28.
Tumor immunotherapy has resulted in dramatic effects in some cancer types, including curing of previously untreatable patients. However, the response rates are typically very heterogenous, with some patients showing dramatic responses whereas others do not or only barely respond. Consequently, there has been an ever-increasing research effort to better understand the factors that govern immunotherapy responsiveness and efficiency in order to identify predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Clearly, traits of the tumor cells as well as aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an important role in this regard. However, a growing tumor not only interacts with cells in its immediate vicinity, but also reciprocally communicates with the entire host organism (and its microbiota). Thus, systemic influences on tumor growth and progression are likely to be similarly important as the microenvironment. In this review, we focus on various aspects of the "tumor organismal environment" (TOE), namely the lymphatic, the hematopoietic, the microbial, the neurogenic and the metabolic environment, and discuss their impact on tumor growth and immunotherapy.
肿瘤免疫疗法在某些癌症类型中已取得显著疗效，包括治愈以前无法治疗的患者。然而，反应率通常非常不均匀，一些患者表现出显著的反应，而另一些患者则没有反应或反应很小。因此，人们一直在努力研究更好地了解控制免疫疗法反应性和效率的因素，以确定预测生物标志物和新的治疗靶点。显然，肿瘤细胞的特征以及肿瘤微环境（TME）的各个方面在这方面起着重要作用。然而，不断增长的肿瘤不仅与邻近细胞相互作用，而且还与整个宿主生物体（及其微生物群）相互交流。因此，对肿瘤生长和进展的系统影响可能与微环境同样重要。在这篇综述中，我们重点讨论了“肿瘤机体环境”（TOE）的各个方面，即淋巴、造血、微生物、神经和代谢环境，并讨论了它们对肿瘤生长和免疫疗法的影响。
