State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjie Kouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
School of Government, Beijing Normal University, Xinjie Kouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Mar;27(8):8103-8118. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07488-7. Epub 2020 Jan 2.
Industrial wastewater is one of the three industrial wastes. If substandard industrial wastewater is discharged into the environment, there will be a serious impact on the environmental quality. Excessive emissions also indicate that water resources utilization is unreasonable. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the changing trends and influencing factors of industrial wastewater discharge in order to effectively conserve resources and improve the environmental quality. In this study, the spatial autocorrelation and the environmental Kuznets curve were used to study the spatial-temporal changes and characteristics of industrial wastewater discharge at the provincial scale and prefectural scale in China in 2004-2015. Then, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index was used to analyze the influencing factors of wastewater discharge in this period. China's total industrial wastewater discharge showed a trend of increasing at the beginning and then decreasing, and more than half provinces or cities show this trend of decoupling from economic development. Moreover, wastewater discharge was higher in the east region and lower in the west region at both the provincial scale and prefectural scale, but the aggregation degree on the prefectural scale is more obvious than that on the provincial scale. The technical effect has a general inhibitory effect on industrial wastewater discharge, but it also promoted the discharge in a few cities; the structure effect on industrial wastewater discharge has generally changed from promotion to inhibition during the study period; and economic effect and population effect were mainly to promote industrial wastewater discharge. Therefore, a few cities should accelerate technology upgrading and industrial restructuring in recent years in order to change the promoting effect, and most cities need to strengthen the implementation of economic measures and improve the residents' environmental awareness.
工业废水是三大工业废物之一。如果将不达标的工业废水排放到环境中，将会对环境质量造成严重影响。排放量过大也表明水资源利用不合理。因此，研究工业废水排放量的变化趋势和影响因素对于有效节约资源和提高环境质量具有重要意义。在本研究中，利用空间自相关和环境库兹涅茨曲线，研究了 2004-2015 年中国省级和地市级工业废水排放的时空变化特征。然后，利用对数平均迪氏指数分析了这一时期废水排放的影响因素。中国工业废水总排放量呈先增后减的趋势，超过一半的省份或城市表现出与经济发展脱钩的趋势。此外，无论是在省级还是在地市级，东部地区的废水排放量较高，而西部地区的排放量较低，但在地市级的集聚程度比在省级更加明显。技术效应一般对工业废水排放具有抑制作用，但也在少数城市中促进了排放；结构效应在研究期间普遍由促进转变为抑制；经济效应和人口效应主要促进了工业废水排放。因此，近年来，少数城市应加快技术升级和产业结构调整，以改变促进效应，而大多数城市需要加强经济措施的实施，提高居民的环境意识。
