State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Feb;245:141-148. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.124. Epub 2018 Nov 5.
Ammonia (NH) emission from agricultural sources has contributed significantly to air pollution, soil acidification, water eutrophication, biodiversity loss, and declining human health. Although there are numerous strategies for reducing NH emission from agricultural systems, the effectiveness of these measures is highly variable. Furthermore, the integrated assessment of measures to reduce NH emission both from livestock production and cropping systems based on animal and crop type is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a global meta-analysis and integrated assessment of measures to reduce NH emission from agricultural systems. Most of the studied mitigation strategies were effective in reducing NH emission. In the livestock production system, dietary additive, urease inhibitor (UI), manure acidification and deep manure placement have the highest mitigation potential relative to other mitigation strategies, with reduction ranges of 35.1-54.2%, 24.3-68.7%, 88.8-95.0%, and 93.8-99.7%, respectively, relative to the control, while manure storage management could significantly reduce NH emission by 70.0-82.1%. In the cropping system, fertilizer source, use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers, and method of field application are most effective for reducingNH emission. The use of ammonium nitrate, controlled release fertilizer (CRF), and deep placement of fertilizers could reduce NH emission by 88.3, 56.8, and 48.0%, respectively. Choosing a proper fertilizer is critical for decreasing NH emission from cropping systems. We conclude that carefully planned and adopted strategies suited for local conditions are promising for minimizing NH emission from agricultural systems on a global scale, while possible effects of those mitigation measures on the emission of greenhouse gases should be studied in the future.
农业源氨（NH）排放对空气污染、土壤酸化、水体富营养化、生物多样性丧失和人类健康下降有重大贡献。尽管有许多减少农业系统 NH 排放的策略，但这些措施的有效性差异很大。此外，基于动物和作物类型，对减少畜牧生产和作物系统 NH 排放的措施进行综合评估的研究还很少。因此，我们进行了一项全球荟萃分析和对农业系统 NH 减排措施的综合评估。大多数研究的缓解策略都能有效地减少 NH 排放。在畜牧业生产系统中，与其他缓解策略相比，日粮添加剂、脲酶抑制剂（UI）、粪便酸化和深施粪肥具有最高的减排潜力，减排幅度分别为 35.1-54.2%、24.3-68.7%、88.8-95.0%和 93.8-99.7%，而粪便储存管理可使 NH 排放显著减少 70.0-82.1%。在作物系统中，肥料来源、高效肥料的使用和田间施用方法对减少 NH 排放最为有效。使用硝酸铵、控释肥（CRF）和深施肥料可分别减少 88.3%、56.8%和 48.0%的 NH 排放。选择适当的肥料对减少作物系统 NH 排放至关重要。我们的结论是，在全球范围内，精心规划和采用适合当地情况的策略有望最大限度地减少农业系统的 NH 排放，而未来应该研究这些缓解措施对温室气体排放的可能影响。
