Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University , Shahrood, Iran.
Biological Nanoparticles in Medicine Research Center, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University , Shahrood, Iran.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2020 May;393(5):867-878. doi: 10.1007/s00210-019-01796-y. Epub 2020 Jan 3.
This research for the first time presents the possibility of crossing the biologically produced SNPs through the placenta to different organs of rat offspring. SNPs were produced using Fusarium oxysporum. After adding 1 mmol final concentration of silver nitrate solution to the culture supernatant and 5 min heating, SNPs were produced, and their production was proved using visible spectrum, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. SNPs were washed, and their concentration determined using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) instrument. SNPs were used for 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and after determination of their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) dose, their toxic and nontoxic doses were determined and used for in vivo studies. A total of 24 female rats, after detection of their vaginal plugs, were divided into 3 groups each having 8 members. A control group was treated with normal saline. The other two groups were treated by toxic and nontoxic doses of SNPs, respectively. After delivery and breastfeeding, the pups were scarified, and their organs were collected and analyzed using histological examinations. Results showed that SNPs had a maximum absorbance peak around 450 nm, with polygonal and round shapes. XRD results confirmed the presence of SNPs. The concentration of the SNPs after washing was 19 ppm/mL based on the ICP results. MTT assay results showed that SNPs had a dose-dependent toxic effect. Histopathological examination results showed that SNPs could pass through the placenta; both their nontoxic and toxic doses induced somehow mild alternations in the liver, kidney, testis, and ovary and had no effects on the brains of the rat offspring. In conclusions, the use of the biologically produced SNPs should be limited during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
这项研究首次提出了通过胎盘将生物产生的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）转移到大鼠后代不同器官的可能性。SNP 是使用尖孢镰刀菌产生的。在培养上清液中加入终浓度为 1mmol 的硝酸银溶液并加热 5 分钟后，产生了 SNP，并通过可见光谱、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析证明了其产生。对 SNP 进行了洗涤，并使用电感耦合等离子体（ICP）仪器测定了其浓度。使用 SNP 进行 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐（MTT）测定，确定其半最大抑制浓度（IC）剂量后，确定其毒性和无毒剂量，并用于体内研究。总共 24 只雌性大鼠在检测到阴道栓后分为每组 8 只的 3 组。对照组用生理盐水处理。另外两组分别用 SNP 的毒性和无毒剂量处理。分娩和哺乳后，对幼鼠进行安乐死，并收集其器官进行组织学检查。结果表明，SNP 的最大吸收峰在 450nm 左右，呈多边形和圆形。XRD 结果证实了 SNP 的存在。根据 ICP 结果，洗涤后 SNP 的浓度为 19ppm/mL。MTT 测定结果表明，SNP 具有剂量依赖性的毒性作用。组织病理学检查结果表明，SNP 可以通过胎盘；其无毒和有毒剂量都会在一定程度上引起肝脏、肾脏、睾丸和卵巢的轻微改变，但对大鼠后代的大脑没有影响。总之，在妊娠和哺乳期应限制使用生物产生的 SNP。
