Henriksen Lisa, Ribisl Kurt M, Rogers Todd, Moreland-Russell Sarah, Barker Dianne M, Sarris Esquivel Nikie, Loomis Brett, Crew Erin, Combs Todd
Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Tob Control. 2016 Oct;25(Suppl 1):i67-i74. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053076.
The Standardized Tobacco Assessment for Retail Settings (STARS) was designed to characterise the availability, placement, promotion and price of tobacco products, with items chosen for relevance to regulating the retail tobacco environment. This study describes the process to develop the STARS instrument and protocol employed by a collaboration of US government agencies, US state tobacco control programmes (TCPs), advocacy organisations, public health attorneys and researchers from the National Cancer Institute's State and Community Tobacco Control (SCTC) Research Initiative.
To evaluate dissemination and early implementation experiences, we conducted telephone surveys with state TCP leaders (n=50, response rate=100%), and with individuals recruited via a STARS download registry on the SCTC website. Website registrants were surveyed within 6 months of the STARS release (n=105, response rate=66%) and again after ∼5 months (retention rate=62%).
Among the state TCPs, 42 reported conducting any retail marketing surveillance, with actual or planned STARS use in 34 of these states and in 12 of the 17 states where marketing surveillance was not previously reported. Within 6 months of the STARS release, 21% of surveyed registrants reported using STARS and 35% were likely/very likely to use it in the next 6 months. To investigate implementation fidelity, we compared data collected by self-trained volunteers and by trained professionals, the latter method being more typically in retail marketing surveillance studies. Results suggest high or moderate reliability for most STARS measures.
The study concludes with examples of states that used STARS to inform policy change.
零售场所标准化烟草评估（STARS）旨在描述烟草产品的可得性、摆放位置、促销情况和价格，所选项目与规范零售烟草环境相关。本研究描述了美国政府机构、美国州烟草控制项目（TCPs）、倡导组织、公共卫生律师以及来自美国国家癌症研究所州与社区烟草控制（SCTC）研究倡议的研究人员合作开发STARS工具及方案的过程。
为评估传播情况和早期实施经验，我们对州TCP负责人进行了电话调查（n = 50，回复率 = 100%），并对通过SCTC网站上的STARS下载注册表招募的个人进行了调查。在STARS发布后的6个月内对网站注册者进行了调查（n = 105，回复率 = 66%），约5个月后再次进行调查（留存率 = 62%）。
在州TCP中，42个报告开展了任何零售营销监测，其中34个州实际使用或计划使用STARS，在之前未报告营销监测的17个州中有12个州使用了STARS。在STARS发布后的6个月内，21%的被调查注册者报告使用了STARS，35%的人在接下来的6个月内可能/非常可能使用它。为调查实施的保真度，我们比较了由自我培训的志愿者和经过培训的专业人员收集的数据，后一种方法在零售营销监测研究中更具代表性。结果表明，大多数STARS指标具有高或中等可靠性。
该研究以一些利用STARS为政策变革提供信息的州为例进行了总结。
