Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2020 Mar;104(2):558-569. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13282. Epub 2020 Jan 8.
Ever since the European ban on use of in-feed antibiotics in food animals, the search for alternate antibiotic-free growth promoter is undertaken worldwide. There are few alternatives such as probiotics, pre-biotics, phytochemicals, enzymes and organic acids. Among these alternatives, the organic acids or simply acidifiers play an important role in gut health in animals. The acidifiers could be used to favourably manipulate the intestinal microbial populations and improve the immune response, hence perform an activity similar to antibiotics in food animals in countering pathogenic bacteria. Acidifiers also improve the digestibility of nutrients and increase the absorption of minerals. The incorporation of organic acids also leads to thinning of the intestinal lining which facilitates better absorption of nutrients and its efficient utilization. However, their effect will not be similar among all types of organic acids as their mechanism of activity is based on its pKa value. Moreover, there are claims about the neutralization of acids by the secretion of bicarbonates in the initial part of intestine, reactivity with metallic items in feed mills and reduced palatability due its bitter taste demands non-reactive and targeted delivery for better performance. Currently, coated salts of acidifiers are available commercially for use in food animals especially pigs and poultry. The present review highlights the role of different acidifiers in livestock nutrition with their potent applications in improving nutrient digestibility, mineral utilization, meat quality, enhancing immunity, antimicrobial effects in countering pathogenic bacteria, boosting performance and production, and thus safeguarding health of livestock animals and poultry.
自从欧洲禁止在食用动物中使用饲料抗生素以来，全世界都在寻找替代抗生素的无抗生素生长促进剂。有一些替代品，如益生菌、预生物、植物化学物质、酶和有机酸。在这些替代品中，有机酸或简单的酸化剂在动物的肠道健康中起着重要作用。酸化剂可用于有利地操纵肠道微生物种群并改善免疫反应，从而在对抗食源性致病菌方面发挥类似于抗生素的作用。酸化剂还可以提高营养物质的消化率并增加矿物质的吸收。有机酸的加入也会导致肠壁变薄，从而更有利于营养物质的吸收和有效利用。然而，由于其作用机制基于其 pKa 值，并非所有类型的有机酸的效果都相同。此外，有人声称肠道的初始部分会通过分泌碳酸氢盐中和酸，在饲料厂中与金属物品发生反应，以及由于其苦味而降低适口性，因此需要非反应性和靶向输送以获得更好的性能。目前，商业上可获得酸化剂的涂层盐，用于食用动物，特别是猪和家禽。本综述重点介绍了不同酸化剂在畜牧业营养中的作用及其在提高养分消化率、矿物质利用率、肉品质、增强免疫力、抗病原菌的抗菌作用、提高性能和生产方面的潜在应用，从而保障了牲畜和家禽的健康。
