Anatomical and Biochemical Changes Induced by Stand Up for Seedlings From Infection.

Nowadays, fertilization and pest control are carried out using chemical compounds that contaminate soil and deteriorate human health. Plant growth promoting bacteria endophytes (PGPBEs), are a well-studied group of bacteria that offers benefits to the host plant, such as phytostimulation, biofertilization, and protection against other microorganisms. The study of -which belongs to PGPBEs-aids the development of alternative strategies of an integrated approach for crop management practices. is responsible for bacterial wilt disease. This phytopathogen is of great interest worldwide due to the enormous economic losses it causes. In this study the action of as a growth promoting bacterium in seedlings is analyzed, evaluating the antagonistic mechanisms of this beneficial endophytic bacterium during biotic stress produced by . Effective colonization of was determined through bacterial counting assays, evaluation of anatomical and growth parameters, and pigments quantification. Biocontrol assays were carried out with GMI1000 model strain and A21 a recently isolated strain. Inoculation of (Col 0) with Pal 5 triggers a set of biochemical and structural changes in roots, stems, and leaves of seedlings. Discrete callose deposits as papillae were observed at specific sites of root hairs, trichomes, and leaf tissue. Upon GMI1000 infection, endophyte-treated plants demonstrated being induced for defense through an augmented callose deposition at root hairs and leaves compared with the non-endophyte-treated controls. The endophytic bacterium appears to be able to prime callose response. Roots and stems cross sections showed that integrity of all tissues was preserved in endophyte-treated plants infected with A21. The mechanisms of resistance elicited by the plant after inoculation with the endophyte would be greater lignification and sclerosis in tissues and reinforcement of the cell wall through the deposition of callose. As a consequence of this priming in plant defense response, viable phytopathogenic bacteria counting were considerably fewer in endophyte-inoculated plants than in not-inoculated controls. Our results indicate that colonizes plants performing a protective role against the phytopathogenic bacterium promoting the activation of plant defense system.