Chaudhary Parul, Singh Shivani, Chaudhary Anuj, Sharma Anita, Kumar Govind
Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India.
School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Shobhit University, Gangoh, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Aug 23;13:930340. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930340. eCollection 2022.
With the increase in world population, the demography of humans is estimated to be exceeded and it has become a major challenge to provide an adequate amount of food, feed, and agricultural products majorly in developing countries. The use of chemical fertilizers causes the plant to grow efficiently and rapidly to meet the food demand. The drawbacks of using a higher quantity of chemical or synthetic fertilizers are environmental pollution, persistent changes in the soil ecology, physiochemical composition, decreasing agricultural productivity and cause several health hazards. Climatic factors are responsible for enhancing abiotic stress on crops, resulting in reduced agricultural productivity. There are various types of abiotic and biotic stress factors like soil salinity, drought, wind, improper temperature, heavy metals, waterlogging, and different weeds and phytopathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and nematodes which attack plants, reducing crop productivity and quality. There is a shift toward the use of biofertilizers due to all these facts, which provide nutrition through natural processes like zinc, potassium and phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, production of hormones, siderophore, various hydrolytic enzymes and protect the plant from different plant pathogens and stress conditions. They provide the nutrition in adequate amount that is sufficient for healthy crop development to fulfill the demand of the increasing population worldwide, eco-friendly and economically convenient. This review will focus on biofertilizers and their mechanisms of action, role in crop productivity and in biotic/abiotic stress tolerance.
随着世界人口的增长，预计人类人口统计学将被超越，在主要是发展中国家提供足够数量的食物、饲料和农产品已成为一项重大挑战。使用化肥能使植物高效快速生长以满足粮食需求。使用大量化学或合成肥料的缺点包括环境污染、土壤生态、理化组成的持续变化、农业生产力下降以及造成多种健康危害。气候因素会加剧作物的非生物胁迫，导致农业生产力降低。存在各种非生物和生物胁迫因素，如土壤盐分、干旱、风、温度不当、重金属、涝灾，以及不同的杂草和植物病原体，如细菌、病毒、真菌和线虫，它们会攻击植物，降低作物产量和质量。由于所有这些因素，人们正转向使用生物肥料，生物肥料通过锌、钾和磷的溶解、固氮、激素产生、铁载体、各种水解酶等自然过程提供营养，并保护植物免受不同植物病原体和胁迫条件的影响。它们提供足够数量的营养，足以促进作物健康生长，满足全球不断增长的人口需求，且生态友好、经济便利。本综述将聚焦于生物肥料及其作用机制、在作物生产力以及生物/非生物胁迫耐受性方面的作用。
