Malekzadeh Jan-Mohamad, Synaii Saiid, Ebrahimzadeh Koor Behrooz, Falsafian Ghasem, Nakhaie Mahmood-Reza
Department of Nutrition, Yasuj School of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2019 Dec 10;10:207. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_36_18. eCollection 2019.
Formula milk is prepared as a nutritional substitution for human breast milk, but because of biologic and constituent differences, it might cause obesity and growth disorders in infants. In this study, we compared the growth pattern of formula-fed and breastfed infants living in Yasuj, southwest of Iran.
Infants 7-14 months of age in southwest of Iran were classified as exclusively breastfed ( = 200) and formula-fed ( = 200) in their first 6 months of life. Growth velocity and -scores of weight for age, length for age, weight for length, and head circumference were estimated using WHO Anthro Plus software (2010) and SPSS Version 19 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using World Health Organization reference for growth data.
The study showed that -score of length for age and head circumference for age at the birth were significantly lower in formula-fed group than exclusively breastfed group ( < 0.05), but the -score of weight for length did not differ significantly. At the sixth month of age, -score of weight for length was significantly higher in formula-fed group ( < 0.05), but -score of length for age had no significant difference and -score of head circumference was higher in exclusively breastfed group yet ( < 0.05). Growth velocity, prevalence of obesity, wasting, underweight, and stunting did not differ between two groups.
Our findings suggest that formula feeding can lead to greater weight gain and may help the catch up of length, but evidences are not convincing enough to suggest the formula as an obesogenic feeding in the studied area. To make a conclusion, we suggest comparing the privileged and unprivileged areas and controlling for confounding variables including family hygiene and infant feeding practices between formula-fed and breastfed infants.
配方奶被制备作为人母乳的营养替代品，但由于生物学和成分差异，它可能导致婴儿肥胖和生长障碍。在本研究中，我们比较了生活在伊朗西南部亚苏杰的配方奶喂养和母乳喂养婴儿的生长模式。
伊朗西南部7至14月龄婴儿在其生命的前6个月被分为纯母乳喂养组（n = 200）和配方奶喂养组（n = 200）。使用WHO Anthro Plus软件（2010）和SPSS 19版（SPSS公司，美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥），根据世界卫生组织生长数据参考值，估计年龄别身长、年龄别体重、身长别体重和头围的生长速度和z评分。
研究表明，配方奶喂养组出生时年龄别身长和年龄别头围的z评分显著低于纯母乳喂养组（P < 0.05），但身长别体重的z评分无显著差异。在6月龄时，配方奶喂养组身长别体重的z评分显著更高（P < 0.05），但年龄别身长的z评分无显著差异，且纯母乳喂养组年龄别头围的z评分仍更高（P < 0.05）。两组之间的生长速度、肥胖、消瘦、体重不足和发育迟缓的患病率无差异。
我们的研究结果表明，配方奶喂养可导致体重增加更多，并可能有助于身长追赶，但证据不足以表明在研究地区配方奶是致肥胖性喂养方式。为得出结论，我们建议比较富裕和贫困地区，并控制混杂变量，包括配方奶喂养和母乳喂养婴儿之间的家庭卫生和婴儿喂养习惯。
