Mohammadi Aria Mohammad, Erten Ahmet, Yalcin Ozlem
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Turkey.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019 Dec 11;7:395. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00395. eCollection 2019.
In recent years, blood coagulation monitoring has become crucial to diagnosing causes of hemorrhages, developing anticoagulant drugs, assessing bleeding risk in extensive surgery procedures and dialysis, and investigating the efficacy of hemostatic therapies. In this regard, advanced technologies such as microfluidics, fluorescent microscopy, electrochemical sensing, photoacoustic detection, and micro/nano electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) have been employed to develop highly accurate, robust, and cost-effective point of care (POC) devices. These devices measure electrochemical, optical, and mechanical parameters of clotting blood. Which can be correlated to light transmission/scattering, electrical impedance, and viscoelastic properties. In this regard, this paper discusses the working principles of blood coagulation monitoring, physical and sensing parameters in different technologies. In addition, we discussed the recent progress in developing nanomaterials for blood coagulation detection and treatments which opens up new area of controlling and monitoring of coagulation at the same time in the future. Moreover, commercial products, future trends/challenges in blood coagulation monitoring including novel anticoagulant therapies, multiplexed sensing platforms, and the application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and monitoring have been included.
近年来，凝血监测对于诊断出血原因、开发抗凝药物、评估大型外科手术和透析中的出血风险以及研究止血疗法的疗效变得至关重要。在这方面，诸如微流控、荧光显微镜、电化学传感、光声检测以及微/纳机电系统（MEMS/NEMS）等先进技术已被用于开发高度准确、稳健且具有成本效益的即时检测（POC）设备。这些设备测量凝血过程中的电化学、光学和机械参数，这些参数可与光传输/散射、电阻抗和粘弹性特性相关联。在这方面，本文讨论了凝血监测的工作原理、不同技术中的物理和传感参数。此外，我们还讨论了用于凝血检测和治疗的纳米材料开发的最新进展，这为未来同时控制和监测凝血开辟了新领域。此外，还包括凝血监测的商业产品、未来趋势/挑战，包括新型抗凝疗法、多重传感平台以及人工智能在诊断和监测中的应用。
