School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; School of Environmental and Biological engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020 Mar;108:110421. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110421. Epub 2019 Nov 11.
Phytochemicals sources have been extensively used as reducing and capping agents for synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). However, morphology-controlled synthesis and shape/size dependent applications of these NPs still need to be explored further, and there is a need to develop a way in which particular and optimized phytochemicals result in the desired NPs in lesser time and cost with higher reproducibility rate. The present study is focused on morphology-controlled synthesis and shape/size dependent application of silver NPs based on the fractionated phytochemicals of Elaeagnus umbellata extract (EU). Unlike other approaches, in this study the reaction parameters such as time, temperature, pH, stirring speed and concentration of the precursor solutions were not altered during the optimization process. The fractionated phytochemicals were used separately for the synthesis of AgNPs, and the synthesized NPs were characterized by UV-visible, FT-IR, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our findings suggested that the constituents of the extract fractions varied with the selection of the extraction solvent, and the shape/size, bactericidal properties and toxicity of the NPs have a strong correlation with the phytochemicals of the plant extract. The fractionated phytochemicals present in the water fractions (EUW) resulted in monodispersed spherical AgNPs in the size about 40 nm. The NPs have significant stability in physiological conditions (i.e. temperature, pH and salt), have good antibacterial activity, and were found to be non-toxic. Furthermore, AFM and SEM analysis exposed that the NPs killed the bacteria by disturbing the cellular morphology and releasing the cellular matrix. Our results justify the use of different fractions of plant extract to obtain detail implications on shape, size, antibacterial potential and toxicity of AgNPs. This is the first step in a controllable, easy and cheap approach for the synthesis of highly stable, uniform, non-toxic and bactericidal AgNPs using five fractions of EU. The findings suggested that the synthesized NPs, particularly from EUW, could be used in pharmaceutical and homeopathic industry for the development of antibacterial medications.
植物化学物质来源已被广泛用作合成纳米粒子（NPs）的还原剂和封端剂。然而，这些 NPs 的形态控制合成和形状/尺寸依赖性应用仍需要进一步探索，需要开发一种方法，通过该方法，特定的和优化的植物化学物质以较少的时间和成本以更高的再现率产生所需的 NPs。本研究集中于基于沙棘提取物（EU）的分级植物化学物质的银 NPs 的形态控制合成和形状/尺寸依赖性应用。与其他方法不同，在本研究中，在优化过程中没有改变反应参数，例如时间、温度、pH 值、搅拌速度和前体溶液的浓度。分级植物化学物质分别用于合成 AgNPs，合成的 NPs 通过紫外-可见分光光度法、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行表征。我们的研究结果表明，提取物部分的成分随提取溶剂的选择而变化，并且 NPs 的形状/尺寸、杀菌性能和毒性与植物提取物的植物化学物质密切相关。水部分（EUW）中存在的分级植物化学物质导致约 40nm 的单分散球形 AgNPs。在生理条件（即温度、pH 值和盐）下， NPs 具有显著的稳定性，具有良好的抗菌活性，并且被发现无毒。此外，AFM 和 SEM 分析表明， NPs 通过干扰细胞形态和释放细胞基质来杀死细菌。我们的结果证明了使用植物提取物的不同部分来获得关于 AgNPs 的形状、尺寸、抗菌潜力和毒性的详细影响。这是使用 EU 的五个部分通过可控、简单和廉价的方法合成高度稳定、均匀、无毒和杀菌的 AgNPs 的第一步。研究结果表明，特别是来自 EUW 的合成 NPs，可用于制药和顺势疗法行业开发抗菌药物。
