Antão Helena Sofia, Sacadura-Leite Ema, Manzano Maria João, Pinote Sónia, Relvas Rui, Serranheira Florentino, Sousa-Uva António
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisboa. Emergency Department. Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando da Fonseca. Amadora. Portugal.
CISP - Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública. CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Center. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal.
Acta Med Port. 2020 Jan 3;33(1):31-37. doi: 10.20344/amp.11465.
Workplace violence is one of the main risk factors in the professional world. Healthcare workers are at higher risk when compared to other sectors. Our study aimed to characterize physical and verbal violence in a public hospital and to define occupational health prevention and surveillance strategies.
Single center observational cross-sectional study, carried amongst healthcare workers in a public hospital in Lisbon. A qualitative survey was carried out through six in-depth interviews. A quantitative survey was carried through questionnaires delivered to 32 workers. A significance level of 5% was accepted in the assessment of statistical differences. The Mann-Whitney test and the Fisher's exact test were used to calculate p values.
The main results are: (1) 41 violence incidents were reported in the quantitative phase; (2) 5/21 [23.81%] victims notified the incident to the occupational health department; (3) 18/21 [85.71%] victims reported a permanent state of hypervigilance; (4) 22/28 [78.57%] participants self-reported poor or no familiarity with internal reporting procedures; (5) 24/28 [85.71%] participants believed it is possible to minimize workplace violence.
Workplace violence is favored by unrestricted access to working areas, absence of security guards and police officers or scarce intervention. The low notification rate contributes to organizational lack of action. The state of hypervigilance reported in our study reflects the negative effects of threatening occupational stressors on mental health.
Our results show that workplace violence is a relevant risk factor that significantly impacts workers' health in a noxious manner, deserving a tailored occupational health approach whose priority areas and strategies have been determined.
工作场所暴力是职业领域的主要风险因素之一。与其他行业相比，医护人员面临的风险更高。我们的研究旨在描述一家公立医院中的身体暴力和言语暴力特征，并确定职业健康预防和监测策略。
在里斯本一家公立医院的医护人员中进行单中心观察性横断面研究。通过六次深入访谈开展定性调查。通过向32名工作人员发放问卷进行定量调查。在评估统计差异时采用5%的显著性水平。使用曼-惠特尼检验和费舍尔精确检验计算p值。
主要结果如下：（1）在定量阶段报告了41起暴力事件；（2）21名受害者中有5名[23.81%]将事件通知了职业健康部门；（3）21名受害者中有18名[85.71%]报告长期处于过度警觉状态；（4）28名参与者中有22名[78.57%]自我报告对内部报告程序了解甚少或不了解；（5）28名参与者中有24名[85.71%]认为有可能将工作场所暴力降至最低。
工作场所暴力因工作区域无限制出入、没有保安和警察或干预稀少而加剧。低报告率导致组织缺乏行动。我们研究中报告的过度警觉状态反映了威胁性职业压力源对心理健康的负面影响。
我们的结果表明，工作场所暴力是一个相关风险因素，以有害方式显著影响工人健康，值得采取量身定制的职业健康方法，其优先领域和策略已经确定。
