Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Department of Nursing, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Dec 14;10:1049832. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1049832. eCollection 2022.
Workplace violence (WPV) not only affects workers' physical and mental health but also increases turnover rates and social costs. There are no studies that have consistently followed the prevalence of WPV and the effectiveness of anti-violence measures in cross-sectional studies of the same hospital. The main aim of this study was to understand the prevalence of WPV among medical staff in a hospital in China and the effectiveness of implemented anti-violence measures.
A cross-sectional survey, which was conducted by using a questionnaire developed by the International Labor Organization and the World Health Organization, was administered in a tertiary hospital in China in 2022 to investigate the occurrence of violence in the past year. Valid data were collected from 1,195 respondents cell phone. WPV was compared between this survey and a baseline survey conducted at the same hospital in 2017 using the same questionnaire. The relationship between years and gender and occupation was explored using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to respond to the effects of the anti-violence interventions.
After the implementation of anti-violence measures, the prevalence of WPV decreased from 48.47 in 2017 to 33.95% in 2021. The recognition of safety measures increased from 80.16 in 2017 to 87.70% in 2021( < 0.001), improvement of the work environment increased from 56.57 in 2017 to 65.10% in 2021( < 0.001), restricted of public access increased from 34.36 in 2017 to 55.60% in 2021( < 0.001), the patient protocols increased from 37.42 in 2017 to 38.40% in 2021, patient screening increased from 32.11 in 2017 to 41.90% in 2021( < 0.001), and strict restrictions on workplace cash activities from 29.65% in 2017 to 36.00% in 2021( < 0.05). The percentage of health workers who felt that anti-violence measures were not at all helpful to their current work decreased from 2017 to 2021.
The prevalence of workplace violence has decreased, recognition of interventions has increased, and the proportion of interventions that are perceived by HWs as not helpful at all has decreased. This study demonstrates that the 12 anti-violence measures recommended by the International Labor Organization are applicable in China. Based on this, hospitals should focus on the improvement of the intervention effect of the following measures to further prevent violence.
工作场所暴力（WPV）不仅会影响员工的身心健康，还会增加离职率和社会成本。没有研究能够持续跟踪同一医院横断面研究中 WPV 的流行情况和抗暴力措施的效果。本研究的主要目的是了解中国一家医院医务人员中 WPV 的流行情况以及实施的抗暴力措施的效果。
2022 年，在中国的一家三级医院进行了一项横断面调查，该调查使用国际劳工组织和世界卫生组织制定的问卷，调查过去一年的暴力事件发生情况。通过手机收集了 1195 名有效应答者的数据。使用相同的问卷比较了这项调查与 2017 年在同一医院进行的基线调查之间 WPV 的差异。使用 Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验探索年限和性别与职业之间的关系。使用描述性统计和卡方检验来应对抗暴力干预措施的效果。
实施抗暴力措施后，WPV 的流行率从 2017 年的 48.47%下降到 2021 年的 33.95%。安全措施的认知率从 2017 年的 80.16%上升到 2021 年的 87.70%（<0.001），工作环境的改善率从 2017 年的 56.57%上升到 2021 年的 65.10%（<0.001），公众准入限制率从 2017 年的 34.36%上升到 2021 年的 55.60%（<0.001），患者协议率从 2017 年的 37.42%上升到 2021 年的 38.40%，患者筛选率从 2017 年的 32.11%上升到 2021 年的 41.90%（<0.001），严格限制工作场所现金活动的比例从 2017 年的 29.65%上升到 2021 年的 36.00%（<0.05）。认为抗暴力措施对当前工作毫无帮助的卫生工作者比例从 2017 年下降到 2021 年。
工作场所暴力的流行率有所下降，干预措施的认知度有所提高，卫生工作者认为完全没有帮助的干预措施比例有所下降。本研究表明，国际劳工组织推荐的 12 项抗暴力措施在中国是适用的。在此基础上，医院应重点提高以下措施的干预效果，进一步预防暴力。
