Zesch Stephanie, Madea Burkhard, Pommerening Tanja, Panzer Stephanie, Henzler Thomas, Polfer Michel, Janssen Sonja, Friedrich Ronny, Lindauer Susanne, Rosendahl Wilfried
German Mummy Project, Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Museum Weltkulturen D5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Medical Center Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
Anthropol Anz. 2020 Feb 13;77(1):75-82. doi: 10.1127/anthranz/2020/1060.
In the course of a scientific cooperation between the German Mummy Project at the Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim (Germany) and the Musée National d'Histoire et d'Art Luxembourg (Luxembourg), an ancient Egyptian mummy head was analyzed using a multidisciplinary approach including radiocarbon dating, ultra-high resolution computed tomography, physical anthropology, forensic medicine and Egyptology. Dated to the Roman Period, the mummy head belonged to an upper-class woman between 25 and 35 years of age. Computed tomography revealed a lethal blunt force trauma affecting the dorsal parts of the parietal bones, below the intact overlaying soft tissue. Moreover, ancient medical treatment was evidenced through localized shaving of the hair on the affected area, which indicates that efforts have been made to keep the woman alive. This astonishing example of homicide demonstrates the enormous scientific benefit brought by the multidisciplinary investigation of mummified bodies and body parts, and sheds light on life, death and medical care of a woman from Roman Period Egypt.
在德国曼海姆的赖斯-恩格尔霍恩博物馆的德国木乃伊项目与卢森堡国家历史与艺术博物馆（卢森堡）的科学合作过程中，使用了包括放射性碳测年、超高分辨率计算机断层扫描、体质人类学、法医学和埃及学在内的多学科方法对一个古埃及木乃伊头部进行了分析。这具木乃伊头部可追溯到罗马时期，属于一名年龄在25至35岁之间的上层阶级女性。计算机断层扫描显示，在完整的覆盖软组织下方，顶骨背部受到致命的钝器创伤。此外，通过对受影响区域局部剃发证明了古代的医疗治疗，这表明人们曾努力挽救这名女性的生命。这个令人惊讶的杀人案例展示了对木乃伊尸体和身体部位进行多学科研究所带来的巨大科学益处，并揭示了罗马时期埃及一名女性的生活、死亡和医疗护理情况。
