Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 4;21(1):339. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010339.
The bicarbonate ion has a fundamental role in vital systems. Impaired bicarbonate transport leads to various diseases, including immune disorders, cystic fibrosis, tumorigenesis, kidney diseases, brain dysfunction, tooth fracture, ischemic reperfusion injury, hypertension, impaired reproductive system, and systemic acidosis. Carbonic anhydrases are involved in the mechanism of bicarbonate movement and consist of complex of bicarbonate transport systems including bicarbonate transporters. This review focused on the convergent regulation of ion homeostasis through various ion transporters including bicarbonate transporters, their regulatory enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrases, pH regulatory role, and the expression pattern of ion transporters in non-secretory systems throughout the body. Understanding the correlation between these systems will be helpful in order to obtain new insights and design potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pH-related disorders. In this review, we have discussed the broad prospects and challenges that remain in elucidation of bicarbonate-transport-related biological and developmental systems.
碳酸氢根离子在重要的生命系统中起着基础性的作用。碳酸氢根转运功能受损会导致各种疾病，包括免疫紊乱、囊性纤维化、肿瘤发生、肾脏疾病、脑功能障碍、牙齿断裂、缺血再灌注损伤、高血压、生殖系统受损以及全身酸中毒。碳酸酐酶参与碳酸氢根运动的机制，由包括碳酸氢盐转运体在内的碳酸氢盐转运系统的复合物组成。本综述重点讨论了通过各种离子转运体（包括碳酸氢盐转运体）的协同调节来实现离子稳态，这些离子转运体的调节酶，如碳酸酐酶，以及在全身非分泌系统中离子转运体的 pH 调节作用和表达模式。了解这些系统之间的相关性将有助于获得新的见解，并为治疗 pH 相关疾病设计潜在的治疗策略。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了阐明与碳酸氢盐转运相关的生物学和发育系统中仍然存在的广泛前景和挑战。
