Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria.
Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 4600 Wels, Austria.
Nutrients. 2020 Jan 5;12(1):150. doi: 10.3390/nu12010150.
The transport of hydrophobic compounds to recipient cells is a critical step in nutrient supplementation. Here, we tested the effect of phospholipid-based emulsification on the uptake of hydrophobic compounds into various tissue culture cell lines. In particular, the uptake of ω-3 fatty acids from micellar or nonmicellar algae oil into cell models for enterocytes, epithelial cells, and adipocytes was tested. Micellization of algae oil did not result in adverse effects on cell viability in the target cells. In general, both micellar and nonmicellar oil increased intracellular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. However, micellar oil was more effective in terms of augmenting the intracellular levels of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than nonmicellar oil. These effects were rather conserved throughout the cells tested, indicating that fatty acids from micellar oils are enriched by mechanisms independent of lipases or lipid transporters. Importantly, the positive effect of emulsification was not restricted to the uptake of fatty acids. Instead, the uptake of phytosterols from phytogenic oils into target cells also increased after micellization. Taken together, phospholipid-based emulsification is a straightforward, effective, and safe approach to delivering hydrophobic nutrients, such as fatty acids or phytosterols, to a variety of cell types in vitro. It is proposed that this method of emulsification is suitable for the effective supplementation of numerous hydrophobic nutrients.
疏水性化合物向受体细胞的转运是营养补充的关键步骤。在这里，我们测试了基于磷脂的乳化作用对各种组织培养细胞系吸收疏水性化合物的影响。特别是，测试了从胶束或非胶束藻类油中摄取 ω-3 脂肪酸进入肠细胞、上皮细胞和脂肪细胞模型的情况。藻类油的胶束化不会对靶细胞的细胞活力产生不利影响。一般来说，胶束和非胶束油都能增加细胞内二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的水平。然而，胶束油在增加细胞内多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）总量方面比非胶束油更有效。这些作用在测试的所有细胞中都相当保守，表明胶束油中的脂肪酸是通过与脂肪酶或脂质转运体无关的机制富集的。重要的是，乳化的积极作用不仅限于脂肪酸的摄取。相反，胶束化后，植物甾醇也能从植物源油中被摄取到靶细胞中。总之，基于磷脂的乳化是一种简单、有效和安全的方法，可以将疏水性营养素（如脂肪酸或植物固醇）递送到体外的各种细胞类型中。据提议，这种乳化方法适合于有效补充多种疏水性营养素。
