即食谷物强化：改变即食谷物强化水平对人群营养素摄入量影响的建模研究。

Ready-to-eat cereal fortification: a modelling study on the impact of changing ready-to-eat cereal fortification levels on population intake of nutrients.

机构信息

Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc., James Ford Bell Technical Center, 9000 Plymouth Avenue N, Golden Valley, MN55427USA.

General Mills India Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India.

出版信息

Public Health Nutr. 2020 Aug;23(12):2165-2178. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019003690. Epub 2020 Jan 20.

DOI:10.1017/S1368980019003690

PMID:31957633

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10200464/

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal is an important source of nutrients in the American diet. Recent regulatory changes to labelling requirements may impact the fortification of RTE cereal. We used an evidence-based approach to optimize the fortification of RTE cereal considering current dietary patterns and nutrition policy.

DESIGN

A US modelling study of cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014. The percentage of the population below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and above the Upper Tolerable Intake Level (UL) was modelled under three scenarios: baseline, zero fortification and optimized fortification.

SETTING

USA.

PARTICIPANTS

Toddlers aged 1-3 years, n 559; children aged 4-12 years, n 1540; adolescents aged 13-18 years, n 992; and adults aged ≥19 years, n 576.

RESULTS

Comparing current with optimized fortification, nutrient/100 g RTE cereal decreased for vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin B12, Ca and Fe (by 2-82 %). The amount of vitamins C and D increased (by 13 and 50 %, respectively). Among RTE cereal eaters, these changes resulted in modest increases in the percentage of the population aged ≥1 year below the EAR (+0·5 to +11·5 percentage points). Decreases were observed in the percentage of the population above the UL.

CONCLUSIONS

Fortification of RTE cereal can be optimized to provide key nutrients and minimize the percentage of the population below the EAR and above the UL. Dietary intake modelling is useful to ensure that RTE cereal continues to help the population meet their nutrient needs.

摘要

目的

即食（RTE）谷类食品是美国饮食中营养的重要来源。最近对标签要求的监管变化可能会影响 RTE 谷类食品的强化。我们采用循证方法，根据当前的饮食模式和营养政策，优化 RTE 谷类食品的强化。

设计

使用横断面数据来自 2013-2014 年全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的美国模型研究。在三种情况下对低于估计平均需求量（EAR）和高于可耐受最高摄入量（UL）的人群百分比进行建模：基线、零强化和优化强化。

设置

美国。

参与者

1-3 岁的幼儿，n=559；4-12 岁的儿童，n=1540；13-18 岁的青少年，n=992；年龄≥19 岁的成年人，n=576。

结果

与优化强化相比，RTE 谷类食品中的营养素/100 g 降低，维生素 A、硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、维生素 B6、叶酸、维生素 B12、Ca 和 Fe 减少（2-82%）。维生素 C 和 D 的量增加（分别增加 13%和 50%）。在 RTE 谷类食品食用者中，这些变化使≥1 岁人群中低于 EAR 的比例略有增加（+0.5 至+11.5 个百分点）。高于 UL 的人群比例下降。