Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 16;17(2):595. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020595.
Domestic hot water heat pumps (DHW HPs) have spread fast in recent years in Europe and they now represent an interesting opportunity for implementing renewable energy sources in buildings with a centralized/district heating system, where DWH is generally produced by a gas boiler or an electric water heater. Replacing these appliances has several environmental benefits, including the removal of air pollution sources and the reduction of Green House Gasses (GHG) emissions. In this work, we present the techno-economic and environmental evaluation of implementing DHW HPs in Turin, where 66% of the DHW demand is covered by dedicated gas boilers. The impact of such boilers was assessed through numerical air dispersion modeling conducted with the software SPRAY (Aria Technologies, Paris, French). Results show that removing these sources would reduce yearly average concentrations of NOx up to 1.4 µg/m, i.e., about 1% of monitored concentrations of NOx, with a benefit of 1.05 ÷ 15.15 M€/y of avoided health externalities. Replacing boilers with DHW HPs is always financially feasible with current incentives while, in their absence, it would be convenient for residential units with 3 cohabitants or more (51.22% of the total population), thanks to scale economies.
近年来，家用热水热泵（DHW HPs）在欧洲迅速普及，它们为有集中/区域供热系统的建筑中实施可再生能源提供了一个有趣的机会，在这些建筑中，DHW 通常由燃气锅炉或电热水器生产。取代这些设备有几个环境效益，包括消除空气污染源和减少温室气体（GHG）排放。在这项工作中，我们展示了在都灵实施 DHW HPs 的技术经济和环境评估，那里 66%的 DHW 需求由专用燃气锅炉覆盖。这些锅炉的影响通过使用软件 SPRAY（Aria Technologies，巴黎，法国）进行的数值空气扩散建模进行了评估。结果表明，去除这些污染源将使每年的平均氮氧化物浓度降低 1.4 µg/m，即监测到的氮氧化物浓度的约 1%，同时避免健康外部性的收益为 1.05 至 15.15 亿欧元/年。在当前的激励措施下，用 DHW HPs 取代锅炉在财务上始终是可行的，而在没有激励措施的情况下，对于有 3 名以上（占总人口的 51.22%）居民的住宅单元来说，由于规模经济，这将是方便的。
