Carella Alberta, D'Orazio Annunziata
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Astronautica, Elettrica ed Energetica, Sapienza Università di Roma, via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Roma, ITALY.
Sustain Cities Soc. 2021 Dec;75:103314. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103314. Epub 2021 Sep 1.
Strict restrictions to halt the spread of COVID-19 provided an opportunity to quantify the contribution of different pollution agents. We analyze the concentrations of pollutants recorded in Rome during the lockdown periods for the containment of the spread of Covid 19, compared with those of other periods and years. We recorded a significant contribution attributable to heating systems powered by fuel. Thus, we propose the replacement of existing boilers for heating and drinking hot water (DHW) production systems, with air / water heat pumps, as an intervention to improve urban air quality. We analyze the replacement scenarios, within the entire residential building stock in the Municipality of Rome, in terms of emissions reduction, primary energy savings and reduced CO2 production. Results show significant reductions in concentrations. Reduction in primary energy consumption varies between 12% and 56% for various scenarios, different for outdoor temperatures and mix of electricity generation. The intervention on the urban scale can reduce air pollution on a long-term basis, implying significant reductions of polluting emissions in urban areas, and entailed reduced energy (and therefore environmental) costs, with a significant step towards sustainable cities.
为遏制新冠疫情传播而实施的严格限制措施，为量化不同污染因素的影响提供了契机。我们分析了罗马在新冠疫情防控封锁期间记录的污染物浓度，并与其他时期及年份的浓度进行了比较。我们发现，由燃料驱动的供暖系统造成了显著污染。因此，我们提议用空气/水热泵取代现有的用于供暖和生产生活热水（DHW）的锅炉，以此作为改善城市空气质量的一项举措。我们分析了罗马市整个住宅建筑存量采用上述替换方案后的减排情况、一次能源节约情况以及二氧化碳减排情况。结果表明污染物浓度显著降低。不同场景下，一次能源消耗的降幅在12%至56%之间，具体数值因室外温度和发电组合而异。在城市层面实施这一举措能够长期减少空气污染，意味着城市地区的污染排放将大幅减少，能源（进而环境）成本也会降低，朝着可持续城市迈出了重要一步。
