Sheikh Aisha Munawar, Vissing John
Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Acta Myol. 2019 Dec 1;38(4):215-232. eCollection 2019 Dec.
Muscle and lower motor neuron diseases share a common denominator of perturbed muscle function, most often related to wasting and weakness of muscles. This leads to a number of challenges, such as restricted mobility and respiratory difficulties. Currently there is no cure for these diseases. The purpose of this review is to present research that examines the effects of exercise in muscle and lower motor neuron diseases. Evidence indicates that moderate intensity aerobic- and strength exercise is advantageous for patients with muscle diseases, without causing harmful exercise-induced muscle damage. On the contrary, motor neuron diseases show a rather blunted response from exercise training. High-intensity training is a modality that seems safe and a promising exercise method, which may circumvent neural fatigue and provide effect to patients with motor neuron disease. Although we have come far in changing the view on exercise therapy in neuromuscular diseases to a positive one, much knowledge is still needed on what dose of time, intensity and duration should be implemented for different disease and how we should provide exercise therapy to very weak, non-ambulatory and wheelchair bound patients.
肌肉疾病和下运动神经元疾病有一个共同特征，即肌肉功能紊乱，最常见的是与肌肉萎缩和无力有关。这会导致一系列挑战，如行动受限和呼吸困难。目前这些疾病无法治愈。本综述的目的是介绍研究运动对肌肉疾病和下运动神经元疾病影响的相关研究。证据表明，中等强度的有氧运动和力量训练对肌肉疾病患者有益，且不会造成有害的运动诱导性肌肉损伤。相反，运动神经元疾病患者对运动训练的反应较为迟钝。高强度训练是一种似乎安全且有前景的运动方法，它可能规避神经疲劳并对运动神经元疾病患者产生效果。尽管我们在将神经肌肉疾病运动疗法的观点转变为积极观点方面已经取得了很大进展，但对于不同疾病应采用何种时间、强度和持续时间的剂量，以及如何为非常虚弱、无法行走和依赖轮椅的患者提供运动疗法，仍需要更多了解。
