Bringing Neuroscience to the Bedside.

Clinical psychiatry has not historically expected practitioners to learn the basic science of psychiatric illness. Despite wide recognition that all effective psychiatric treatments have neurophysiological mechanisms, the field has struggled to integrate concepts of the mind and brain. Because of historical separations of clinical psychiatry and evolving neuroscience research, many psychiatric residency programs feel underresourced to teach clinically relevant neuroscience, and current residency graduates are not being prepared to integrate neuroscience findings into their practice. Significant strides have been made in the understanding of the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. Similarly, the neurobiological mechanisms of a wide variety of treatments have been elucidated, spanning interventions from psychotherapy to physical exercise, electroconvulsive therapy, and modern neuromodulation techniques. The authors discuss strategies for integrating the language of clinical neuroscience into everyday psychiatric practice and review resources available to clinicians and trainees to help them acquire and practice these skills.