Lecturer, Urban and Regional Studies Institute, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Director, Urban and Regional Studies Institute, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Disasters. 2021 Jul;45(3):555-576. doi: 10.1111/disa.12431. Epub 2020 Dec 15.
This paper reflects on what materialised during recovery operations following the earthquake in L'Aquila, Italy, on 6 April 2009. Previous critiques have focused on the actions of the Government of Italy and the Department of Civil Protection (Protezione Civile), with little attention paid to the role of local authorities. This analysis sheds light on how the latter used emergency powers, the command-and-control approach, and top-down planning to manage the disaster context, especially in terms of removal of rubble, implementing safety measures, and allocating temporary accommodation. It discusses how these arrangements constituted the mechanism via which 'disaster capitalism' took hold at the local and national level, and how it violated human rights, produced environmental and social impacts, hindered local communities from learning, transforming, and building resilience, and facilitated disaster capitalism and corruption. To make the disaster risk reduction and resilience paradigm more effective, a shift from centralised civil protection to decentralised, inclusive community empowerment systems is needed.
本文反思了 2009 年 4 月 6 日意大利拉奎拉地震后的救援行动中实际发生的情况。此前的批评主要集中在意大利政府和民防部门的行动上，而很少关注地方当局的作用。这项分析揭示了后者如何利用紧急权力、指挥和控制方法以及自上而下的规划来管理灾难情况，特别是在清除瓦砾、实施安全措施和分配临时住所方面。它讨论了这些安排如何构成“灾难资本主义”在地方和国家层面立足的机制，以及它如何侵犯人权、产生环境和社会影响、阻碍地方社区学习、转变和建立复原力，并促进灾难资本主义和腐败。为了使减少灾害风险和增强复原力范式更加有效，需要从集中化的民防向分散化、包容性的社区赋权系统转变。
