National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Marine Biotechnology and Natural Products Lab (MBNP), Alexandria, Egypt.
Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Recent Pat Biotechnol. 2020;14(3):203-228. doi: 10.2174/1872208314666200121144816.
Gracilaria has been shown to be an important source of marine bioactive natural biomaterials and compounds. Although there are no enough patents used Gracilaria worldwide, the current study tries to put the Gracilaria on the spot for further important patents in the future.
The current study investigates the pharmaceuticals and biochemical activity of Gracilaria because no previous studies have been carried out to examine the biochemical and pharmaceutical activates of Gracilaria from the Suez Canal of Egypt as an excellent source for bioactive compounds.
Different advanced experimental models and analytical techniques, such as cytotoxicity, total antioxidant capacity, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory profiling were applied. The phytochemical analysis of different constituents was also carried out.
The mineral analysis revealed the presence of copper (188.3 ppm) and iron (10.07 ppm) in addition to a remarkable wealth of selenium and sulfur contents giving up to 36% of its dry mass. The elemental analysis showed high contents of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. The GCMS profiling showed varieties of different bioactive compounds, such as fatty acids, different types of carotenoids in addition to pigments, alkaloids, steroids. Many other compounds, such as carbohydrates and amino acids having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities, etc. were identified. The cytotoxicity activity of Gracilaria marine extract was very effective against cancerous cell lines and showed high ability as a potent antitumor due to their bioactive constituents. Specialized screening assays using two anticancer experimental models, i.e., PTK and SKH1 revealed 77.88% and 84.50% inhibition anticancer activity; respectively. The anti-inflammatory activities investigated using four different experimental models, i.e., COX1, COX2, IL6, and TNF resulted in 68%, 81.76%, 56.02% and 78.43% inhibition; respectively. Moreover, Gracilaria extracts showed potent anti-Alzheimer with all concentrations.
Gracilaria proved to be a multi-product source of marine natural products for different biotechnological applications. Our recommendation is to investigate the Gracilaria bioactive secondary metabolites in order to create and innovate in more patents from current important seaweeds (Gracilaria).
已证实江蓠是海洋生物活性天然生物材料和化合物的重要来源。尽管全球范围内利用江蓠的专利还不够多，但本研究试图将江蓠作为未来重要专利的候选材料。
本研究调查江蓠的药物和生化活性，因为之前没有研究过从埃及苏伊士运河采集的江蓠作为生物活性化合物的优良来源的生化和药物活性。
应用了不同的先进实验模型和分析技术，如细胞毒性、总抗氧化能力、抗癌和抗炎分析。还进行了不同成分的植物化学分析。
矿物质分析显示，铜（188.3ppm）和铁（10.07ppm）的含量以及大量的硒和硫含量，高达其干重的 36%。元素分析显示，硫和氮化合物含量高。GCMS 分析显示出多种不同的生物活性化合物，如脂肪酸、不同类型的类胡萝卜素以及色素、生物碱、甾体。还鉴定出许多具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗病毒等活性的其他化合物，如碳水化合物和氨基酸。江蓠海洋提取物对癌细胞系具有非常有效的细胞毒性活性，并因其生物活性成分而表现出作为有效抗肿瘤药物的高潜力。使用两种抗癌实验模型，即 PTK 和 SKH1 进行的专门筛选试验分别显示出 77.88%和 84.50%的抗癌活性抑制；抗炎活性的研究使用了四种不同的实验模型，即 COX1、COX2、IL6 和 TNF，结果分别抑制了 68%、81.76%、56.02%和 78.43%；此外，江蓠提取物在所有浓度下均表现出有效的抗阿尔茨海默氏症活性。
江蓠被证明是海洋天然产物的多产品来源，可用于不同的生物技术应用。我们建议研究江蓠的生物活性次生代谢物，以便从当前重要的海藻（江蓠）中创造和创新更多的专利。
