Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
Mar Drugs. 2018 Dec 7;16(12):492. doi: 10.3390/md16120492.
Enormous marine biodiversity offers an endless reservoir of chemicals for many applications. In this scenario, the extraction of seaweeds represents an interesting source of compounds displaying antimicrobial activity. In particular, among the different red algae, plays an important role due to the presence of important bioactives in its composition. In spite of these features, an efficient culture system is still absent. In the present study, a novel algal culture method was developed and compared to another more common cultural practice, widely reported in literature. A higher efficiency of the new method, both for daily growth rate and biomass, was assessed. Furthermore, the growth inhibitory activity of five extracts, obtained using ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform or diethyl ether as a solvent, from the cultured was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Algal extracts exhibited a considerable inhibitory activity against strains, while a slight inhibition was observed against . The different extracts showed significant differences in bacterial growth inhibition, with the highest activity that was recorded for the ethanol extract, followed by that of methanol. Based on the chemical characterization, these findings could be related to the antimicrobial activity played by the combination of total carbohydrates and polyphenols, which were determined at high levels in ethanol and methanol extracts, as well as by the highest number and levels of single polyphenols. Conversely, the lower growth inhibitory activities found in chloroform and diethyl ether extracts could be related to the isolation of minor lipid classes (e.g., neutral and medium polar lipids) composed by fatty acids, such as stearic, oleic and arachidonic acids, typically characterized by antimicrobial activity. In consideration of the results obtained, the present study has a double implication, involving both the field of cultural practices and the exploitation of natural sources for the isolation of antimicrobial agents useful both in pharmaceutical and food applications.
海洋生物多样性提供了无数的化学物质，可用于许多应用。在这种情况下，海藻的提取是一种很有前途的具有抗菌活性的化合物来源。特别是在不同的红藻中， 由于其成分中存在重要的生物活性物质，因此起着重要的作用。尽管具有这些特征，但仍然缺乏有效的培养系统。在本研究中，开发了一种新的藻类培养方法，并与文献中广泛报道的另一种更为常见的培养方法进行了比较。评估了新方法在日增长率和生物量方面的更高效率。此外，还测试了从培养的 中使用乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、氯仿或二乙醚作为溶剂获得的五种提取物对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性病原体的生长抑制活性。藻类提取物对 菌株表现出相当大的抑制活性，而对 菌株的抑制作用较小。不同的提取物在细菌生长抑制方面表现出显著差异，其中乙醇提取物的活性最高，其次是甲醇提取物。基于化学特性，这些发现可能与总碳水化合物和多酚的组合的抗菌活性有关，这些物质在乙醇和甲醇提取物中含量较高，并且单个多酚的数量和水平也较高。相反，在氯仿和二乙醚提取物中发现的较低的生长抑制活性可能与较小脂质类（例如，中性和中等极性脂质）的分离有关，这些脂质类由脂肪酸组成，例如硬脂酸、油酸和花生四烯酸，通常具有抗菌活性。考虑到所获得的结果，本研究具有双重意义，既涉及培养实践领域，也涉及从天然来源中分离出在制药和食品应用中都有用的抗菌剂。
