Hanada Katsuhiro
Clinical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2119:1-13. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0323-9_1.
Gel electrophoresis of DNA is one of the most frequently used techniques in molecular biology. Typically, it is used in the following: the analysis of in vitro reactions and purification of DNA fragments, analysis of PCR reactions, characterization of enzymes involved in DNA reactions, and sequencing. With some ingenuity gel electrophoresis of DNA is also used for the analysis of cellular biochemical reactions. For example, DNA breaks that accumulate in cells are analyzed by the comet assay and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Furthermore, DNA replication intermediates are analyzed with two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. Moreover, several new methods for analyzing various chromosomal functions in cells have been developed. In this chapter, a brief introduction to these is given.
DNA凝胶电泳是分子生物学中最常用的技术之一。通常，它用于以下方面：体外反应分析和DNA片段纯化、PCR反应分析、DNA反应相关酶的特性鉴定以及测序。通过一些创新方法，DNA凝胶电泳还可用于细胞生化反应分析。例如，通过彗星试验和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分析细胞中积累的DNA断裂情况。此外，利用二维（2D）凝胶电泳分析DNA复制中间体。而且，已经开发出了几种分析细胞中各种染色体功能的新方法。在本章中，将对这些方法作简要介绍。
