Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2020;83(1):36-44. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1719447. Epub 2020 Jan 28.
Household effluents are predominantly treated by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Other treatment methods, which were examined in this study, are also used in the countryside. These treatment modes include (1) onsite toilet wastewater treatment system (OTWTS), (2) onsite wastewater treatment system (OWTS), (3) community wastewater treatment system (CWTS), and (4) onsite vault toilet (OVT). Household effluents consist of excrements and urine released from toilets as well as wastewater released from kitchens and bathrooms. In the present study, household effluents that were discharged from the residential areas having undergone similar treatment methodologies were compared using the test, an bioassay to assess genotoxicity potential. The different treatment methodologies were categorized based upon whether the two kinds of wastewater were mixed or not mixed and treated or not treated. Treated wastewater containing excrements and urine from the OTWTS exhibited the strongest genotoxicity potential compared to other effluents, whereas most of the kitchen and bathroom wastewater from OVT did not display genotoxicity. Data indicated that the genotoxicants in the effluents originated primarily from excrements and urine, and may increase an adverse environmental risk.
家庭污水主要通过污水处理厂（WWTP）处理。本研究还考察了其他在农村使用的处理方法。这些处理模式包括（1）现场厕所污水处理系统（OTWTS），（2）现场污水处理系统（OWTS），（3）社区污水处理系统（CWTS）和（4）现场化粪池厕所（OVT）。家庭污水由厕所排出的粪便和尿液以及厨房和浴室排出的污水组成。在本研究中，使用 测试对经过类似处理方法的居民区排放的家庭污水进行了比较，这是一种用于评估遗传毒性潜力的 生物测定法。不同的处理方法是根据两种废水是否混合以及是否处理进行分类的。与其他污水相比，来自 OTWTS 的含有粪便和尿液的处理废水显示出最强的遗传毒性潜力，而大多数来自 OVT 的厨房和浴室污水则没有显示出遗传毒性。数据表明，污水中的遗传毒性物质主要来源于粪便和尿液，可能会增加环境风险。
