Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Eskisehir 26480, Turkey.
Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social Pediatrics, Eskisehir 26480, Turkey.
Benef Microbes. 2020 Mar 27;11(2):151-162. doi: 10.3920/BM2019.0158. Epub 2020 Jan 28.
Intestinal and human milk microbiota studies during infancy have shown variations according to geographical location, delivery mode, gestational age, and mother-related factors during pregnancy. In this study, we performed metagenomic mycobiota analyses of 44 transient and mature human milk among five different groups: mothers of normal spontaneous delivery-term (NS-T), caesarean delivery-term (CS-T), premature (PT), small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) infants. Fungi were detected in 80 out of the 88 samples. Regarding the number of observed fungal species, the NS-T group was more homogeneous (less variable) comparing the other groups (<0.05). In the transient human milk samples, the most abundant species were (33.3%) and (27.4%). While (33.7%) was second most abundant species in mature milk, disappeared (<0.01) and became the most abundant species (35.5%) (<0.05). Among the NS-T group, the most abundant species was in both transient and mature milk. In contrast, was the most abundant species in transient human milk (45.0%) in the CS-T group, but it disappeared in mature milk (<0.01). In transient milk, was only represented 6.0-9.0% of taxa in the PT, SGA, and LGA groups (<0.05). In transient and mature milk in the PT, SGA and LGA groups, the most abundant species were and In mature milk samples, is more abundant in CS-T group, PT group and LGA group, than the NS-T groups (<0.05 for all). Although fungi constitute only a very small part of the human milk microbiome, we observed some changes that the human milk mycobiota composition varies in caesarean delivery, premature, SGA and LGA groups, comparing the normal spontaneous delivery, as well as differences between transient and mature human milk.
在婴儿期进行的肠道和人乳微生物组研究表明，其存在地域差异、分娩方式、胎龄和母亲在怀孕期间的相关因素等多种差异。在这项研究中，我们对来自五个不同组别的 44 份短暂和成熟母乳样本进行了宏基因组真菌组分析，这些样本分别来自于正常自然分娩足月（NS-T）、剖宫产足月（CS-T）、早产（PT）、小于胎龄（SGA）和大于胎龄（LGA）婴儿的母亲。在 88 个样本中，有 80 个样本检测到真菌。在观察到的真菌物种数量方面，NS-T 组与其他组相比更具同质性（变异性更小）（<0.05）。在短暂母乳样本中，最丰富的物种是 和 （分别占 27.4%和 33.3%）。而 在成熟母乳中是第二丰富的物种（33.7%），但 在成熟母乳中消失（<0.01）， 成为最丰富的物种（35.5%）（<0.05）。在 NS-T 组中， 是短暂和成熟母乳中最丰富的物种。相比之下， 在 CS-T 组的短暂母乳中是最丰富的物种（45.0%），但在成熟母乳中消失（<0.01）。在短暂母乳中，PT、SGA 和 LGA 组中 仅占分类群的 6.0-9.0%（<0.05）。在 PT、SGA 和 LGA 组的短暂和成熟母乳中，最丰富的物种是 和 。在成熟母乳样本中，CS-T 组、PT 组和 LGA 组的 更丰富，而 NS-T 组则相对较少（<0.05 均）。尽管真菌在人乳微生物组中只占很小的一部分，但我们观察到一些变化，即剖宫产、早产、SGA 和 LGA 组的人乳真菌组组成与正常自然分娩不同，并且短暂和成熟母乳之间也存在差异。
