Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal.
Departments of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 24;17(3):759. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030759.
The aims of this study were to analyze the usefulness of raw bioelectrical impedance (BI) parameters in assessing water compartments and fluid distribution in athletes. A total of 202 men and 71 female athletes were analyzed. Total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were determined by dilution techniques, while intracellular water (ICW) was calculated. Fluid distribution was calculated as the ECW/ICW ratio (E:I). Phase angle (PhA), resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were obtained through BI spectroscopy using frequency 50kHz. Fat (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After adjusting for height, FM, FFM, age and sports category we observed that: PhA predicted ICW (females: β = 1.62, < 0.01; males: β = 2.70, < 0.01) and E:I (males and females: β = -0.08; < 0.01); R explained TBW (females: β = -0.03; < 0.01; males: β = -0.06; < 0.01) and ECW (females: β = -0.02, < 0.01; males: β = -0.03, < 0.01) and ICW (females: β = -0.01, < 0.053; males: β = -0.03 < 0.01); and Xc predicted ECW (females: β = -0.06, < 0.01; males: β = -0.12, < 0.01). A higher PhA is a good predictor of a larger ICW pool and a lower E:I, regardless of body composition, age, height, and sports category. Lower R is associated with higher water pools whereas ECW expansion is explained by lower Xc. Raw BI parameters are useful predictors of total and extracellular pools, cellular hydration and fluid distribution in athletes.
本研究旨在分析原始生物电阻抗（BI）参数在评估运动员水合状态和体液分布中的作用。共分析了 202 名男性和 71 名女性运动员。通过稀释技术确定总体水（TBW）和细胞外液（ECW），并计算细胞内液（ICW）。通过 BI 光谱分析获得的相位角（PhA）、电阻（R）和电抗（Xc），频率为 50kHz。通过双能 X 射线吸收法评估脂肪（FM）和去脂体重（FFM）。在调整身高、FM、FFM、年龄和运动项目后，我们观察到：PhA 预测 ICW（女性：β=1.62，<0.01；男性：β=2.70，<0.01）和 E:I（男女：β=-0.08，<0.01）；R 解释 TBW（女性：β=-0.03，<0.01；男性：β=-0.06，<0.01）和 ECW（女性：β=-0.02，<0.01；男性：β=-0.03，<0.01）和 ICW（女性：β=-0.01，<0.053；男性：β=-0.03，<0.01）；Xc 预测 ECW（女性：β=-0.06，<0.01；男性：β=-0.12，<0.01）。较高的 PhA 是 ICW 池较大和 E:I 较低的良好预测指标，与身体成分、年龄、身高和运动项目无关。较低的 R 与较高的水合状态有关，而 ECW 的扩张则由较低的 Xc 解释。原始 BI 参数可有效预测运动员的总水量和细胞外液量、细胞水化状态和体液分布。
