Saniotis Arthur, Grantham James P, Kumaratilake Jaliya, Henneberg Maciej
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Knowledge University, Erbil, Iraq.
Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit (BACARU), Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Front Neuroanat. 2020 Jan 9;13:101. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00101. eCollection 2019.
Human intelligence has been theorized since the ancient Greeks. Plato and Aristotle incorporated theories of human intelligence into their metaphysical and cosmological theories which informed the social and medical sciences for centuries. With the advent of the 20th century, human intelligence became increasingly standardized based on Intelligence Quotients (IQ). Moreover, multiple theories of human intelligence were posited on morphological features of the human brain, focusing on cranial volume and size of the pre-frontal cortex which was suggestive of superior human cognitive abilities. This article argues that fixation with anatomical features of the brain was tended to ignore the importance of neuro-hormonal regulation which is a more appropriate indicator of human cognitive abilities. The article challenges the correlation between brain size and human cognitive abilities while offering an alternate theory of human cognitive abilities which emphasizes the roles of neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, and enteric gut microbiome (EGM) regulation.
自古希腊以来，人们就对人类智力进行了理论探讨。柏拉图和亚里士多德将人类智力理论纳入他们的形而上学和宇宙学理论中，这些理论在几个世纪里为社会科学和医学提供了指导。随着20世纪的到来，人类智力越来越多地基于智商进行标准化。此外，多种人类智力理论是基于人类大脑的形态特征提出的，重点关注颅骨体积和前额叶皮层的大小，这被认为暗示了人类卓越的认知能力。本文认为，对大脑解剖特征的执着往往忽视了神经激素调节的重要性，而神经激素调节是人类认知能力更合适的指标。本文对大脑大小与人类认知能力之间的相关性提出了质疑，同时提出了一种关于人类认知能力的替代理论，该理论强调神经递质、神经营养因子和肠道微生物群（EGM）调节的作用。
