Zaghi Mattia, Broccoli Vania, Sessa Alessandro
Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Concilio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Instituto di Neuroscienze, Milan, Italy.
Front Genet. 2020 Jan 9;10:1291. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01291. eCollection 2019.
Post-translational methylation of H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) is an important epigenetic marker that majorly contributes to the functionality of the chromatin. This mark is interpreted by the cell in several crucial biological processes including gene transcription and DNA methylation. The homeostasis of H3K36 methylation is finely regulated by different enzyme classes which, when impaired, lead to a plethora of diseases; ranging from multi-organ syndromes to cancer, to pure neurological diseases often associated with brain development. This mini-review summarizes current knowledge on these important epigenetic signals with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that (i) regulate their abundance, (ii) are influenced by H3K36 methylation, and (iii) the associated diseases.
组蛋白H3赖氨酸36（H3K36）的翻译后甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传标记，对染色质的功能起着主要作用。细胞在包括基因转录和DNA甲基化在内的几个关键生物学过程中对这一标记进行解读。H3K36甲基化的稳态受到不同酶类的精细调控，这些酶类一旦受损，就会导致多种疾病，从多器官综合征到癌症，再到常常与大脑发育相关的单纯神经疾病。本综述总结了关于这些重要表观遗传信号的现有知识，重点关注（i）调节其丰度、（ii）受H3K36甲基化影响以及（iii）相关疾病的分子机制。
