Kepel Billy Johnson, Gani Maria Apriliani, Tallei Trina Ekawati
Pharmacy Study Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia.
Int J Microbiol. 2020 Jan 7;2020:1858732. doi: 10.1155/2020/1858732. eCollection 2020.
Traditional small-scale gold mining mostly use mercury to extract the gold from ores. However, mercury contamination in the environment can affect the composition and structure of the bacterial community. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mercury contamination on the bacterial community in the traditional gold mining waste disposal site and in the rice field. Mercury analysis was carried out using the CVAFS method. Analysis of bacterial communities and structure was carried out based on the results of metabarcoding of the V3-V4 16S rRNA regions obtained from paired-end Illumina MiSeq reads. The results showed that the sample from the mining waste disposal site had a mercury level of 230 mg/kg, while the sample from the rice field had 3.98 mg/kg. The results showed that there were differences in microbial composition and community structure in both locations. With the total reads of 57,031, the most dominant phylum was Firmicutes in the mining disposal site sample. Meanwhile, with the total reads of 33,080, the sample from rice field was dominated by Planctomycetes. The abundant classes of bacteria in the mining waste disposal site, from the highest were Bacilli, Gammaproteobacteria and Planctomycetia, while the sample from the rice field was dominated by the Planctomycetia and Acidobacteria subdivision 6. The families that dominated the sample in disposal site were Bacillaceae and Aeromonadaceae, while the sample from the rice field was dominated by Gemmataceae. The abundant genera in both locations were and . This study concluded that the high level of mercury in the soil reduced the richness and diversity of bacterial phyla and lower taxa. There was also a shift in the dominance of phyla and lower taxa in both locations. This study provides an understanding of the microbial community structure in the area that is highly contaminated with mercury to open insight into the potential of these bacteria for mercury bioremediation.
传统的小规模金矿开采大多使用汞从矿石中提取黄金。然而，环境中的汞污染会影响细菌群落的组成和结构。本研究的目的是确定汞污染对传统金矿开采废弃物处理场和稻田中细菌群落的影响。使用冷原子荧光光谱法（CVAFS）进行汞分析。基于从配对末端Illumina MiSeq读取获得的V3 - V4 16S rRNA区域的宏条形码结果，对细菌群落和结构进行分析。结果表明，来自采矿废弃物处理场的样品汞含量为230毫克/千克，而来自稻田的样品汞含量为3.98毫克/千克。结果表明，两个地点的微生物组成和群落结构存在差异。采矿废弃物处理场样品中，总读数为57,031，最主要的门是厚壁菌门。同时，稻田样品总读数为33,080，主要由浮霉菌门主导。采矿废弃物处理场中丰富的细菌类群，从高到低依次为芽孢杆菌纲、γ-变形菌纲和浮霉菌纲，而稻田样品主要由浮霉菌纲和酸杆菌门6亚纲主导。处理场样品中占主导地位的科是芽孢杆菌科和气单胞菌科，而稻田样品主要由芽单胞菌科主导。两个地点丰富的属分别是 和 。本研究得出结论，土壤中高含量的汞降低了细菌门和较低分类单元的丰富度和多样性。两个地点的门和较低分类单元的优势也发生了转变。本研究有助于了解汞污染严重地区的微生物群落结构，为深入了解这些细菌进行汞生物修复的潜力提供了思路。
