Department of Public Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Parana, Brazil.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Feb;41(1):53-68. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3400544. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of the most relevant systemic endemic mycoses in Latin American countries, especially in South American countries, with endemic and hyperendemic areas. The real burden of PCM may be underestimated because of a lack of compulsory case notification. Recent phylogenetic data revealed that comprises several cryptic species including and . However, the genetic biodiversity of does not affect the clinical manifestations or therapeutic response to therapy. Lung involvement is a common finding, especially in patients experiencing the chronic form of the disease, and, because of its similarities with tuberculosis, clinicians must be alert to the possibility of PCM in patients with chronic respiratory manifestations and epidemiological risk factors for this fungal disease.
球孢子菌病（PCM）是拉丁美洲国家，尤其是南美洲国家中最重要的系统性地方性真菌病之一，具有地方性和高度地方性流行区。由于缺乏强制性病例报告，PCM 的实际负担可能被低估。最近的系统发育数据显示， 包含几个隐种，包括 和 。然而， 的遗传生物多样性并不影响临床表现或对治疗的反应。肺部受累是一种常见的表现，特别是在患有慢性疾病的患者中，并且由于其与结核病的相似性，临床医生必须警惕患有慢性呼吸道表现和这种真菌病的流行病学危险因素的患者中存在 PCM 的可能性。
