Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
Nanoscale. 2020 Feb 14;12(6):3535-3559. doi: 10.1039/c9nr10178k. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
Monitoring harmful and toxic chemicals, gases, microorganisms, and radiation has been a challenge to the scientific community for the betterment of human health and environment. Two-dimensional (2D)-material-based sensors are highly efficient and compatible with modern fabrication technology, which yield data that can be proficiently used for health and environmental monitoring. Graphene and its oxides, black phosphorus (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), metal oxides, and other 2D nanomaterials have demonstrated properties that have been alluring for the manufacture of highly sensitive sensors due to their unique material properties arising from their inherent structures. This review summarizes the properties of 2D nanomaterials that can provide a platform to develop high-performance sensors. In this review, we have also discussed the advances made in the field of infrared photodetectors and electrochemical sensors and how the structural properties of 2D nanomaterials affect sensitivity and performance. Further, this review highlights 2D-nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors that can be used to check for contaminations from heavy metals, organic/inorganic compounds, poisonous gases, pesticides, bacteria, antibiotics, etc., in water or air, which are severe risks to human wellbeing as well as the environment. Moreover, the limitations, future prospects, and challenges for the development of sensors based on 2D materials are also discussed for future advancements.
监测有害和有毒化学物质、气体、微生物和辐射一直是科学界面临的挑战，目的是为了人类健康和环境的改善。基于二维（2D）材料的传感器具有高效性，并且与现代制造技术兼容，其产生的数据可以有效地用于健康和环境监测。石墨烯及其氧化物、黑磷（BP）、过渡金属二卤化物（TMDCs）、金属氧化物和其他 2D 纳米材料由于其固有结构产生的独特材料特性，已经证明了其在制造高灵敏度传感器方面的吸引力。本综述总结了 2D 纳米材料的特性，这些特性可以为开发高性能传感器提供平台。在本综述中，我们还讨论了在红外光探测器和电化学传感器领域的进展，以及 2D 纳米材料的结构特性如何影响传感器的灵敏度和性能。此外，本综述还重点介绍了基于 2D 纳米材料的电化学传感器，这些传感器可用于检测水或空气中的重金属、有机/无机化合物、有毒气体、农药、细菌、抗生素等污染物，这些污染物对人类健康和环境构成了严重威胁。此外，还讨论了基于 2D 材料的传感器的发展所面临的限制、未来展望和挑战，以期未来取得进展。
