Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States.
Chem Rev. 2019 Jan 9;119(1):478-598. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00311. Epub 2019 Jan 3.
Electrically-transduced sensors, with their simplicity and compatibility with standard electronic technologies, produce signals that can be efficiently acquired, processed, stored, and analyzed. Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including graphene, phosphorene (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and others, have proven to be attractive for the fabrication of high-performance electrically-transduced chemical sensors due to their remarkable electronic and physical properties originating from their 2D structure. This review highlights the advances in electrically-transduced chemical sensing that rely on 2D materials. The structural components of such sensors are described, and the underlying operating principles for different types of architectures are discussed. The structural features, electronic properties, and surface chemistry of 2D nanostructures that dictate their sensing performance are reviewed. Key advances in the application of 2D materials, from both a historical and analytical perspective, are summarized for four different groups of analytes: gases, volatile compounds, ions, and biomolecules. The sensing performance is discussed in the context of the molecular design, structure-property relationships, and device fabrication technology. The outlook of challenges and opportunities for 2D nanomaterials for the future development of electrically-transduced sensors is also presented.
电敏传感器具有简单性和与标准电子技术的兼容性，可产生易于高效采集、处理、存储和分析的信号。二维 (2D) 纳米材料，包括石墨烯、黑磷烯 (BP)、过渡金属二卤化物 (TMDC) 等，由于其二维结构所带来的显著电子和物理特性，已被证明是用于制造高性能电敏化学传感器的有吸引力的材料。本综述重点介绍了基于 2D 材料的电敏化学传感方面的进展。描述了此类传感器的结构组件，并讨论了不同类型结构的基本工作原理。综述了决定二维纳米结构传感性能的结构特征、电子特性和表面化学。从历史和分析角度总结了二维材料在以下四类分析物：气体、挥发性化合物、离子和生物分子的应用中的主要进展。根据分子设计、结构-性能关系和器件制造技术讨论了传感性能。还提出了 2D 纳米材料在未来电敏传感器发展方面面临的挑战和机遇的展望。
