Department of Dental Public Health and Policy, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, 23298-0566, USA.
Institute for Inclusion, Inquiry, and Innovation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Jan 31;20(1):153. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8247-2.
Oral cancers account for 3% of annual U.S. cancer diagnosis, 2 in 5 of which are diagnosed late when prognosis is poor. The purpose of this study was to report the population-level prevalence of oral cancer examination among adult smokers and alcohol drinkers and assess if these modifiable lifestyle factors are associated with receiving an oral cancer examination.
Adult participants ≥30 years (n = 9374) of the 2013-2016 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Oral cancer examination (yes/no), smoking (never, former, current) and alcohol use (abstainers, former, current) were self-reported. Survey-logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ever and past year oral cancer examination adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, and time since last dental visit.
One third (33%) reported ever been examined for oral cancer, 66% of whom reported an examination in the past year. Adjusted OR (95% CI) of past year examination comparing current and former smokers to non-smokers were 0.51 (0.29, 0.88) and 0.74 (0.53, 1.04) respectively. Similarly, current and former alcohol drinkers relative to abstainers were less likely to report a past year oral cancer examination, OR (95% CI) = 0.84 (0.53, 1.30) and 0.50 (0.30, 0.83) respectively.
This study showed that smokers and alcohol users were less likely than abstainers to self-report a past year oral cancer examination. Access to affordable and targeted oral cancer examination within the dental care setting might ensure that these high-risk individuals get timely examinations and earlier diagnosis that might improve prognosis and survival.
口腔癌占美国年度癌症诊断的 3%，其中 2/5 为预后不良的晚期诊断。本研究旨在报告成年吸烟者和饮酒者中人群水平的口腔癌检查流行率，并评估这些可改变的生活方式因素是否与接受口腔癌检查相关。
纳入了 2013-2016 年国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）的≥30 岁的成年参与者（n=9374）。口腔癌检查（是/否）、吸烟（从不、曾经、现在）和饮酒（不饮酒者、曾经饮酒者、现在饮酒者）均为自我报告。调查逻辑回归估计了调整年龄、性别、种族/民族、教育、收入和上次看牙医时间后，曾经和过去一年接受口腔癌检查的优势比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
三分之一（33%）的人报告曾接受过口腔癌检查，其中 66%的人报告在过去一年中进行过检查。与从不吸烟者相比，现在吸烟者和曾经吸烟者过去一年接受检查的调整 OR（95%CI）分别为 0.51（0.29，0.88）和 0.74（0.53，1.04）。同样，与不饮酒者相比，现在饮酒者和曾经饮酒者报告过去一年接受口腔癌检查的可能性较小，OR（95%CI）分别为 0.84（0.53，1.30）和 0.50（0.30，0.83）。
本研究表明，与不饮酒者相比，吸烟者和饮酒者更不可能报告过去一年接受过口腔癌检查。在牙科保健环境中提供负担得起的、有针对性的口腔癌检查，可能会确保这些高危人群及时接受检查和早期诊断，从而改善预后和生存。
