Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 524 São Francisco Xavier St., Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Jan 31;20(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8260-5.
Common mental disorders (CMD) in children and adolescents can be initial and non-specific manifestations of more serious mental diseases and often persist into adulthood. Therefore, early detection is important, as is the identification of the factors that impact development. Insufficient sleep represents one of the most common and potentially remediable risks to mental health in children and adolescents for whom chronic sleep loss has become normal. This study aims to investigate the influence of sleep duration on CMD in schoolchildren and adolescents.
The data for this longitudinal study were derived from the community trial Parents, Students, Community Health Agents and Teachers for Healthy Eating (PAAPAS) in 2016 (N = 2743), with fifth and sixth graders from 18 public schools of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CMD were assessed by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) at baseline and at a 9-month follow-up. Sleep duration was evaluated at baseline and was categorized as short, adequate or long according to age group. The effect of sleep duration on common mental disorders was analysed by sex using linear mixed-effects models.
At baseline, the frequency of CMD was 33.2% and was higher in boys than in girls and higher among students with short sleep duration. There was an increase in the CMD score over time among girls with short sleep duration (p < 0.01). Among boys, a similar trajectory of the CMD score was observed in the subgroups with short and long sleep duration, but there was a significant reduction in the subgroup with long sleep duration (p = 0.05).
Changes in common mental disorder patterns differ according to sex, and short sleep duration seems to be problematic for students' mental health. The promotion of health strategies that involve the family and school environment, such as later school hours, could help change this scenario.
儿童和青少年的常见精神障碍（CMD）可能是更严重精神疾病的初始和非特异性表现，且往往会持续到成年。因此，早期发现很重要，识别影响发展的因素也很重要。睡眠不足是儿童和青少年心理健康最常见且潜在可纠正的风险之一，他们的慢性睡眠缺失已经变得很常见。本研究旨在调查儿童和青少年的睡眠时间对 CMD 的影响。
本纵向研究的数据来自 2016 年社区试验 Parents, Students, Community Health Agents and Teachers for Healthy Eating (PAAPAS)（N = 2743），参与者为来自巴西里约热内卢杜奎德卡西亚斯的 18 所公立学校的五年级和六年级学生。基线和 9 个月随访时使用一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）评估 CMD。睡眠时间在基线进行评估，并根据年龄组分为短、适中和长。使用线性混合效应模型按性别分析睡眠时间对常见精神障碍的影响。
基线时，CMD 的频率为 33.2%，男孩高于女孩，且睡眠时间短的学生更高。睡眠时间短的女孩的 CMD 评分随时间增加（p < 0.01）。在男孩中，睡眠时间短和长的亚组观察到 CMD 评分的相似轨迹，但睡眠时间长的亚组评分显著降低（p = 0.05）。
CMD 模式的变化因性别而异，且睡眠不足似乎对学生的心理健康有问题。涉及家庭和学校环境的健康促进策略，如推迟上学时间，可能有助于改变这种情况。
