School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020 Jan 31;17(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-0911-5.
Physical activity (PA) can promote mental health, but the mechanisms underpinning this association are not well-established. This study examined if perceptions of three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) mediate the association between number of years participating in PA and mental health in adolescence.
Participants included 937 children (55% female) age 10-11 at inception of the longitudinal MATCH study, who provided data every 4 months over 6 years. Mediation analyses were used to assess the natural direct effect of number of years of PA participation (cycles 1-15) during late childhood and adolescence on later mental health (cycle 16), measured with the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), and the natural indirect effect through each of self-perceived autonomy, competence and relatedness, and self-report MVPA (cycle 15).
In single mediator models, indirect effects of autonomy, competence, relatedness and self-report MVPA were statistically significant. In joint mediation models (each of three models including one basic psychological need and MVPA), autonomy, competence and relatedness mediated 71, 27, and 51% of the association respectively; MVPA mediated 27-31% of the association. In the mediation model including all four mediators, relatedness mediated the largest proportion of the association, followed by autonomy and MVPA.
Results support developing strategies to encourage adolescents to engage and remain involved in PA. This could foster perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as well as MVPA, which in turn may enhance mental health.
身体活动（PA）可以促进心理健康，但这种关联的机制尚未得到很好的确立。本研究旨在探讨三个基本心理需求（自主性、能力感、关联性）和中高强度体力活动（MVPA）是否能调节青少年时期身体活动年限与心理健康之间的关系。
参与者包括 937 名儿童（55%为女性），在 MATCH 纵向研究开始时年龄为 10-11 岁，在 6 年期间每 4 个月提供一次数据。使用中介分析来评估儿童晚期和青春期期间参与身体活动的年限（周期 1-15）对后期心理健康（周期 16）的直接影响，使用心理健康连续体-短表（MHC-SF）进行评估，以及通过自我感知的自主性、能力感和关联性以及自我报告的 MVPA（周期 15）的间接影响。
在单中介模型中，自主性、能力感、关联性和自我报告的 MVPA 的间接效应具有统计学意义。在联合中介模型（每个模型包括一个基本心理需求和 MVPA）中，自主性、能力感和关联性分别介导了 71%、27%和 51%的关联；MVPA 介导了 27-31%的关联。在包括所有四个中介的中介模型中，关联性介导了最大比例的关联，其次是自主性和 MVPA。
结果支持制定鼓励青少年参与并保持身体活动的策略。这可能会促进自主性、能力感和关联性以及 MVPA 的感知，从而可能增强心理健康。
