Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jan 31;10(1):1595. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58602-6.
The study determines how burden and patterns of somatic symptom reporting developed over almost four decades in the general German population. Additionally, we studied how socio-demographic factors affected the degree of somatic symptoms. Population-based samples representative for West Germany between 18 and 60 years of age were analyzed comparing three cross-sectional samples of 1975 (N = 1601), 1994 (N = 1416), and 2013 (N = 1290) by conducting a three-way analysis of variance (sex, age, survey). The prevalence rates for somatic symptoms in men and women were lower in the more recent surveys; this affected women most strongly. Exhaustion and musculoskeletal complaints remained leading symptoms (affecting 25%, resp. 11% of the men and 30%, resp. 19% of the women). There was a slight increase in women's prevalence of exhaustion from 1994 (15%) to 2013 (19%). As determined by stepwise multiple regression, somatic symptoms were consistently associated with female sex and higher age. In the 2013 survey, education became an additional negative predictor of somatic symptom load, while the impact of age and sex on somatic symptoms reporting decreased. Somatic symptoms remain a major burden in the general population. Findings are interpreted with regard to improved living and health care conditions, different cohort experiences, and more public health information.
本研究旨在确定在德国普通人群中，躯体症状报告的负担和模式在近四十年中是如何发展的。此外，我们还研究了社会人口因素如何影响躯体症状的程度。通过对 1975 年（N=1601）、1994 年（N=1416）和 2013 年（N=1290）三次横断面样本进行三向方差分析（性别、年龄、调查），分析了代表西德 18 至 60 岁人群的基于人群的样本。男性和女性的躯体症状患病率在最近的调查中较低；女性受影响最大。疲劳和肌肉骨骼投诉仍然是主要症状（影响 25%的男性和 11%的女性，30%的女性和 19%的女性）。女性的疲劳患病率从 1994 年（15%）略有上升到 2013 年（19%）。逐步多元回归表明，躯体症状与女性性别和较高年龄始终相关。在 2013 年的调查中，教育成为躯体症状负荷的另一个负面预测因素，而年龄和性别对躯体症状报告的影响则降低。躯体症状仍然是普通人群的主要负担。研究结果从改善生活和医疗条件、不同队列的经验以及更多公共卫生信息等方面进行了解释。
