Psychology Laboratories, Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
Mid-levels, Hong Kong.
Int J Psychol. 2020 Dec;55(6):983-994. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12661. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
The existing models of emotion regulation (ER) do not make any specific prediction about the differential effects of the same ER strategy among individuals of different ages. However, such assumption may not be necessarily true, given that older adults emphasise emotional goals greater than their younger counterparts. Using a daily diary approach, this study investigated whether the effects of cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) on daily work-related outcomes would vary by age when individuals were experiencing negative events at work. A total of 141 Chinese managerial employees (M = 42.40, SD = 9.16) completed the diary report for 15 consecutive workdays by recording their daily work experiences. The results of the multilevel analyses showed that age moderated the effects of ES on daily negative emotions, perceived work stress, and job satisfaction. More beneficial effects were observed among older workers than among younger workers. By contrast, the use of CR significantly lowered the levels of negative emotions and perceived work stress for both younger and older workers. These findings revealed the importance of considering the role of age in evaluating the effects of ES on work-related outcomes, which provides important implications for future research and training programs in ER.
现有的情绪调节（ER）模型并没有对不同年龄个体使用相同的 ER 策略会产生何种差异效果做出任何具体预测。然而，鉴于老年人比年轻人更强调情绪目标，这种假设可能不一定正确。本研究采用日常日记法，考察了在工作中经历负面事件时，个体使用认知重评（CR）和表达抑制（ES）对日常工作相关结果的影响是否会因年龄而异。共有 141 名中国管理员工（M=42.40，SD=9.16）通过记录 15 个连续工作日的日常工作经历完成了日记报告。多层次分析的结果表明，年龄调节了 ES 对日常负面情绪、感知工作压力和工作满意度的影响。在老年员工中观察到的效果更为有益，而在年轻员工中则不然。相比之下，使用 CR 显著降低了年轻和老年员工的负面情绪和感知工作压力水平。这些发现揭示了在评估 ES 对工作相关结果的影响时考虑年龄因素的重要性，这为未来的 ER 研究和培训计划提供了重要启示。
