College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
The Chengdu Zoo, Institute of Wild Animals, Chengdu, China.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 4;15(2):e0228673. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228673. eCollection 2020.
Giardia duodenalis is a common enteric protozoan that infects a range of hosts including humans and other mammals. Multilocus genotyping of G. duodenalis in captive non-human primates (NHPs) from zoos in China is limited. In this study, we evaluated 302 NHP fecal samples collected from 32 different NHP species. The primates were from 12 zoos distributed across eight provinces and two municipalities (Chongqing and Beijing) of China. The overall infection rate was 8.3% (25/302). The six G. duodenalis-positive zoos and their infection rates were: Suzhou Zoo (40.0%, 4/10), Yangzhou Zoo (22.2%, 2/9), Dalian Zoo (16.7%, 4/24), Chengdu Zoo (12.8%, 6/47), Guiyang Forest Wildlife Zoo (12.1%, 7/58), and Changsha Zoo (4.7%, 2/43). Molecular analysis of three loci, beta-giardin (bg), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), showed high genetic heterogeneity, and seven novel subtypes (BIII-1, MB10-1, WB8-1, B14-1, MB9-1, DN7-1, and BIV-1) were detected within assemblage B. Additional analysis revealed 12 different assemblage B multilocus genotypes (MLGs), one known MLG and 11 novel MLGs. Based on phylogenetic analysis, 12 assemblage B MLGs formed two main clades, MLG-SW (10-12, 18) and MLG-SW (13, 14, 16, 17), the other four MLG-SW (15, 19, 20, 21) were scattered throughout the phylogenetic tree in this study. Using multilocus genotyping, this study expands our understanding of the occurrence of Giardia infection and genetic variation in Giardia in captive non-human primates from zoos in China.
十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫是一种常见的肠道原生动物，感染范围包括人类和其他哺乳动物等多种宿主。目前，对中国动物园圈养非人灵长类动物（NHP）中的十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫进行多位点基因分型的研究还很有限。本研究评估了来自中国 8 个省和 2 个直辖市（重庆和北京）的 32 个不同 NHP 物种的 302 份 NHP 粪便样本。这些灵长类动物来自中国 12 个动物园。总体感染率为 8.3%（25/302）。6 个十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫阳性动物园及其感染率分别为：苏州动物园（40.0%，4/10）、扬州动物园（22.2%，2/9）、大连动物园（16.7%，4/24）、成都动物园（12.8%，6/47）、贵阳森林野生动物园（12.1%，7/58）和长沙动物园（4.7%，2/43）。对 3 个基因座（β-微管蛋白（bg）、磷酸丙糖异构酶（tpi）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（gdh））的分子分析显示，存在高度的遗传多态性，在 B 群中检测到 7 种新的亚型（BIII-1、MB10-1、WB8-1、B14-1、MB9-1、DN7-1 和 BIV-1）。进一步的分析显示，B 群有 12 种不同的多位点基因型（MLG），包括 1 种已知 MLG 和 11 种新 MLG。基于系统进化分析，12 种 B 群 MLG 形成了 2 个主要的分支，MLG-SW（10-12、18）和 MLG-SW（13、14、16、17），另外 4 种 MLG-SW（15、19、20、21）在本研究的系统进化树中散布。本研究采用多位点基因分型方法，扩展了我们对中国动物园圈养非人灵长类动物中贾第虫感染和遗传变异的认识。
