State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
Parasit Vectors. 2019 May 22;12(1):254. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3511-y.
Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis are common human and animal pathogens. Studies have increasingly shown that non-human primates (NHPs) are common hosts of these two zoonotic parasites. However, few studies have explored the genetic diversity and public health potential of these pathogens in laboratory monkeys. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity of the two pathogens in crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in a commercial facility in Hainan, China.
Enterocytozoon bieneusi and G. duodenalis were detected by PCR analysis in 461/1452 (31.7%) and 469/1452 (32.3%) fecal specimens from the animals, respectively. Significantly higher detection rates of E. bieneusi were detected in males (36.5%, 258/706) than in females (26.7%, 160/599; χ = 14.391, P = 0.0001), in animals with loose stools (41.4%, 151/365) than those with normal stool (28.5%, 310/1087; χ = 20.83, P < 0.0001), and in animals of over 3 years of age (38.6%, 135/350) than those of 1-3 years (29.6%, 326/1,102; χ = 9.90, P = 0.0016). For G. duodenalis, the detection rate in males (33.4%, 236/706) was higher than in females but not statistically significant (30.2%, 181/599; χ = 1.54, P = 0.2152), in monkeys with loose stools (41.1%, 150/365) than those with normal stools (29.3%, 319/1087; χ = 17.25, P < 0.0001), and in monkeys of 1-3 years of age (36.6%, 403/1102) than those over 3 years (18.9%, 66/350; χ = 38.11, P < 0.0001). Nine E. bieneusi genotypes were detected in this study by DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer of the rRNA gene, namely Type IV (236/461), Peru8 (42/461), Pongo2 (27/461), Peru11 (12/461), D (4/461) and PigEbITS7 (1/461) previously seen in NHPs as well as humans, and CM1 (119/461), CM2 (17/461) and CM3 (3/461) that had been only detected in NHPs. DNA sequence analyses of the tpi, gdh and bg loci identified all G. duodenalis specimens as having assemblage B. Altogether, eight (4 known and 4 new), seven (6 known and 1 new) and seven (4 known and 3 new) subtypes were seen at the tpi, gdh and bg loci, leading to the detection of 53 multi-locus genotypes (MLG-B-hn01 to MLG-B-hn53). Most of them were genetically related to those previously seen in common Old-World monkeys.
Data from this study indicate a common occurrence of zoonotic genotypes of E. bieneusi and assemblage B of G. duodenalis in farmed crab-eating macaques in Hainan, China.
肠内原虫和贾第虫是常见的人兽共患病原体。研究越来越多地表明，非人类灵长类动物（NHP）是这两种人畜共患寄生虫的常见宿主。然而，很少有研究探索这些病原体在实验猴中的遗传多样性和公共卫生潜力。本研究检测了中国海南某商业设施中食蟹猴（Macaca fascicularis）中两种病原体的遗传多样性。
通过 PCR 分析，在 1452 份粪便样本中，461 份（31.7%）和 469 份（32.3%）样本检测到肠内原虫和贾第虫。雄性（36.5%，258/706）的检测率明显高于雌性（26.7%，160/599；χ²=14.391，P=0.0001），粪便稀溏的动物（41.4%，151/365）高于粪便正常的动物（28.5%，310/1087；χ²=20.83，P<0.0001），3 岁以上的动物（38.6%，135/350）高于 1-3 岁的动物（29.6%，326/1102；χ²=9.90，P=0.0016）。对于贾第虫，雄性（33.4%，236/706）的检测率高于雌性，但无统计学意义（30.2%，181/599；χ²=1.54，P=0.2152），粪便稀溏的动物（41.1%，150/365）高于粪便正常的动物（29.3%，319/1087；χ²=17.25，P<0.0001），1-3 岁的动物（36.6%，403/1102）高于 3 岁以上的动物（18.9%，66/350；χ²=38.11，P<0.0001）。本研究通过 rRNA 基因内转录间隔区的 DNA 序列分析，共检测到 9 种肠内原虫基因型，即 IV 型（236/461）、秘鲁 8 型（42/461）、猩猩 2 型（27/461）、秘鲁 11 型（12/461）、D 型（4/461）和猪 EbITS7 型（1/461），这些均为 NHP 和人类中已有的基因型，以及 CM1 型（119/461）、CM2 型（17/461）和 CM3 型（3/461），这些均为 NHP 中特有的基因型。tpi、gdh 和 bg 基因座的 DNA 序列分析鉴定所有贾第虫标本均为 B 组。tpi、gdh 和 bg 基因座共发现 8 个（4 个已知和 4 个新）、7 个（6 个已知和 1 个新）和 7 个（4 个已知和 3 个新）亚型，共检测到 53 种多基因座基因型（MLG-B-hn01 至 MLG-B-hn53）。其中大多数与常见旧世界猴中的基因型具有遗传关系。
本研究数据表明，在中国海南的养殖食蟹猴中，肠内原虫和贾第虫 B 组的人畜共患病基因型很常见。
